{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:20:25Z","timestamp":1787862025788,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Health Research"},{"name":"Care Northwest Coast (CLAHRC-NWC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To examine changes in leisure participation following stroke\/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and explore its relationship to modifiable and non-modifiable participant characteristics. Design: An observational study design with self-report questionnaires collected at two time points (baseline and 6-months). Setting: The study was conducted across 21 hospital sites in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Participants: Participants were aged 18+ and had experienced a first or recurrent stroke or TIA and had a post-stroke\/TIA modified Rankin score (mRS) of \u22643. Procedure: Research practitioners at each site approached potential participants. Individuals who agreed to participate completed a baseline questionnaire whilst an inpatient or at a first post-stroke\/TIA clinic appointment. A follow-up questionnaire was posted to participants with a freepost return envelope. Two questionnaires were developed that collected demographic information, pre-stroke\/TIA mRS, social circumstances (e.g., employment situation) and incorporated the shortened Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire (sNLQ). Results: The study recruited eligible participants (N = 3295); 2000 participants returned questionnaires at follow-up. Data showed three participant variables were significant predictors of engagement in leisure activities post-stroke\/TIA: age, sex, and deprivation decile. There was an overall decline in the number and variety of leisure activities, with an average loss of 2.2 activities following stroke\/TIA. Only one activity, \u201cexercise\/fitness\u201d saw an increase in engagement from baseline to follow-up; watching TV remained stable, whilst participation in all other activities reduced between 10% and 40% with an average activity engagement reduction of 22%. Conclusions: Some groups experienced a greater reduction in activities than others\u2014notably older participants, female participants, and those living in a low socioeconomic area. Registration: researchregistry4607. Strengths and limitations of this study: 1. This is the largest-ever study to survey life and leisure activity engagement following stroke\/TIA. 2. Survey responses were self-reported retrospectively and, therefore, may have been misreported, or misremembered. 3. Despite the large cohort, there were few participants, and so respondents, from ethnic minority groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T21:58:06Z","timestamp":1666735086000},"page":"13848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Life and Leisure Activities following Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA): An Observational, Multi-Centre, 6-Month Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLan Research Centre for Sport, Physical Activity & Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"},{"name":"Lancashire Institute for Global Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Thetford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Research Team, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoimh","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Research, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Forshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miland","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Institute for Global Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"},{"name":"Stroke Research Team, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"},{"name":"Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649503","article-title":"Global Burden of Stroke","volume":"38","author":"Katan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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