{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:51:38Z","timestamp":1791348698619,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (Academic Clinical Lectureship)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The need to predict, diagnose and treat peri-implant diseases has never been greater. We present a systematic review of the literature on the changes in the expression of biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) before and after treatment of peri-implantitis. Bacterial composition, clinical and radiographic parameters, and systemic biomarkers before and after treatment are reported as secondary outcomes. A total of 17 studies were included. Treatment groups were non-surgical treatment or surgical treatment, either alone or with adjunctive therapy. Our findings show that non-surgical treatment alone does not influence biomarker levels or clinical outcomes. Both adjunctive photodynamic therapy and local minocycline application resulted in a reduction of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 twelve months after treatment. Non-surgical treatments with adjunctive use of lasers or antimicrobials were more effective at improving the clinical outcomes in the short-term only. Access flap debridement led to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 reduction twelve months post-surgery. Surgical debridement with adjunctive antimicrobials achieved a decrease in MMP-8 at three months. Adjunctive use of Emdogain\u2122 (EMD) was associated with a reduction in 40 PICF proteins compared to access flap surgery alone. Surgical interventions were more effective at reducing probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing both in the short- and long-term. Surgical treatment in combination with EMD was found to be more effective in resolving inflammation up to twelve months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1667105854000},"page":"14085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Biomarker Expression of Peri-Implantitis Lesions before and after Treatment: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Haniyeh","family":"Moaven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annesi","family":"Giacaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center, Dental School & Center for Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Han","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8538-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mainas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Tarjomani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Donos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S286","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12957","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Berglundh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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