{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:46:50Z","timestamp":1791942410991,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1104136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1104136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1168688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1168688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1194410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1194410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EC-21-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC-21-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS-19-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS-19-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1104136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1104136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1168688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1168688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1194410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1194410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EC-21-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC-21-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS-19-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS-19-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This framework focuses on the importance of the consideration of the downstream intermediate and long-term health outcomes when a change to a screening program is introduced. The authors present a methodology for utilising the relationship between screen-detected and interval cancer rates to infer the benefits and harms associated with a change to the program. A review of the previous use of these measures in the literature is presented. The framework presents other aspects to consider when utilizing this methodology, and builds upon an existing framework that helps researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to consider the impacts of changes to screening programs on health outcomes. It is hoped that this research will inform future evaluative studies to assess the benefits and harms of changes to screening programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T10:53:06Z","timestamp":1667904786000},"page":"14647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Considerations for Evaluating the Introduction of New Cancer Screening Technology: Use of Interval Cancers to Assess Potential Benefits and Harms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8969-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Farber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehmat","family":"Houssami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"},{"name":"The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0529-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Women\u2019s Health Research, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Longitudinal Study on Women\u2019s Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McGeechan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy J. L.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.177","article-title":"The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: An independent review: A report jointly commissioned by Cancer Research UK and the Department of Health (England) October 2012","volume":"108","author":"Marmot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7543.678","article-title":"Evaluating new screening tests for breast cancer","volume":"332","author":"Irwig","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70617-9","article-title":"Radiological surveillance of interval breast cancers in screening programmes","volume":"7","author":"Houssami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.01.035","article-title":"Meta-analysis of prospective studies evaluating breast cancer detection and interval cancer rates for digital breast tomosynthesis versus mammography population screening","volume":"148","author":"Houssami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1504363","article-title":"Breast-Cancer Screening\u2014Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group","volume":"372","author":"Scoccianti","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-017-0014-x","article-title":"The epidemiology, radiology and biological characteristics of interval breast cancers in population mammography screening","volume":"3","author":"Houssami","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.9.743","article-title":"Biologic characteristics of interval and screen-detected breast cancers","volume":"92","author":"Gilliland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e328350b0f4","article-title":"Favourable prognostic factors of subsequent screen-detected breast cancers among women aged 50\u201369","volume":"21","author":"Chiarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.2.140","article-title":"A study of interval breast cancer within the NHS breast screening programme","volume":"53","author":"Cowan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.12.008","article-title":"Blinded double reading yields a higher programme sensitivity than non-blinded double reading at digital screening mammography: A prospected population based study in the south of The Netherlands","volume":"51","author":"Klompenhouwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa081","article-title":"Overdiagnosis in the Age of Digital Cancer Screening","volume":"113","author":"Brawley","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n2049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2049","article-title":"Health screening needs independent regular re-evaluation","volume":"374","author":"Ropers","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25368","article-title":"Results of the three rounds of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial--the incidence of advanced cancer is decreased by screening","volume":"127","author":"Kilpelainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0050","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of breast cancer in population screening: Does it make breast screening worthless?","volume":"14","author":"Houssami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01550-3","article-title":"The current status of risk-stratified breast screening","volume":"126","author":"Clift","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.144","article-title":"Explaining the difference in prognosis between screen-detected and symptomatic breast cancers","volume":"104","author":"Allgood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34161","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of digital breast tomosynthesis vs digital mammography as primary screening tests: Screening results over subsequent episodes of the Proteus Donna study","volume":"151","author":"Armaroli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01546-z","article-title":"Significant decrease in interval colorectal cancer incidence after implementing immunochemical testing in a multiple-round guaiac-based screening programme","volume":"125","author":"Bretagne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203936","article-title":"Interval and Subsequent Round Breast Cancer in a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Digital Mammography Screening","volume":"300","author":"Hofvind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204106","article-title":"Interval Breast Cancer Rates and Tumor Characteristics in the Prospective Population-based Malmo Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial","volume":"299","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2019.09.012","article-title":"Effect of implementing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) instead of mammography on population screening outcomes including interval cancer rates: Results of the Trento DBT pilot evaluation","volume":"50","author":"Bernardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06264-y","article-title":"Screening outcome for consecutive examinations with digital breast tomosynthesis versus standard digital mammography in a population-based screening program","volume":"29","author":"Hovda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171148","article-title":"Breast Cancer Characteristics Associated with 2D Digital Mammography versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Screening-detected and Interval Cancers","volume":"287","author":"Bahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2018.01.002","article-title":"Interval breast cancers in the \u2018screening with tomosynthesis or standard mammography\u2019 (STORM) population-based trial","volume":"38","author":"Houssami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankatsing, V.D.V., Fracheboud, J., de Munck, L., Broeders, M.J.M., van Ravesteyn, N.T., Heijnsdijk, E.A.M., Verbeek, A.L.M., Otten, J.D.M., Pijnappel, R.M., and Siesling, S. (2018). Detection and interval cancer rates during the transition from screen-film to digital mammography in population-based screening. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4122-2"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4705-2","article-title":"Performance of breast cancer screening using digital breast tomosynthesis: Results from the prospective population-based Oslo Tomosynthesis Screening Trial","volume":"169","author":"Skaane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.226","article-title":"Digital vs. screen-film mammography in population-based breast cancer screening: Performance indicators and tumour characteristics of screen-detected and interval cancers","volume":"115","author":"Otter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.5536","article-title":"Effectiveness of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Compared With Digital Mammography: Outcomes Analysis From 3 Years of Breast Cancer Screening","volume":"2","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150733","article-title":"Digital Compared with Screen-Film Mammography: Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy among Women Screened in the Ontario Breast Screening Program","volume":"278","author":"Prummel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4228-3","article-title":"Low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening: Comparison of performance between annual and biennial screen","volume":"26","author":"Sverzellati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.5231","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Screening Mammography With and Without Computer-Aided Detection","volume":"175","author":"Lehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3431-3","article-title":"Does digital mammography suppose an advance in early diagnosis? Trends in performance indicators 6 years after digitalization","volume":"25","author":"Sala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.043","article-title":"Difference in performance of fecal immunochemical tests with the same hemoglobin cutoff concentration in a nationwide colorectal cancer screening program","volume":"147","author":"Chiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.778","article-title":"Reduction in interval cancer rates following the introduction of two-view mammography in the UK breast screening programme","volume":"110","author":"Dibden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14131502","article-title":"Mammographic performance in a population-based screening program: Before, during, and after the transition from screen-film to full-field digital mammography","volume":"272","author":"Hofvind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, K.S., Jun, J.K., Park, E.-C., Park, S., Jung, K.W., Han, M.A., Choi, I.J., and Lee, H.-Y. (2012). Performance of different gastric cancer screening methods in Korea: A population-based study. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050041"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112074","article-title":"Breast cancer: Missed interval and screening-detected cancer at full-field digital mammography and screen-film mammography\u2014Results from a retrospective review","volume":"264","author":"Hoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2009.07.007","article-title":"Comparison of interval breast cancer rates for two-versus single-view screening mammography: A population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Seigneurin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm101","article-title":"Interval cancers in prostate cancer screening: Comparing 2- and 4-year screening intervals in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, Gothenburg and Rotterdam","volume":"99","author":"Roobol","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2443061478","article-title":"Randomized trial of screen-film versus full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading in population-based screening program: Follow-up and final results of Oslo II study","volume":"244","author":"Skaane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602393","article-title":"Comparison of 1- and 2-year screening intervals for women undergoing screening mammography","volume":"92","author":"Wai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.2.10430120","article-title":"Outcome analysis for women undergoing annual versus biennial screening mammography: A review of 24,211 examinations","volume":"173","author":"Hunt","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.70.838.9404206","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of 28 kV (grid) versus 25 kV (no grid) mammographic techniques for breast screening","volume":"70","author":"Warren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz131","article-title":"Annual vs Biennial Screening: Diagnostic Accuracy Among Concurrent Cohorts Within the Ontario Breast Screening Program","volume":"112","author":"Chiarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"8","article-title":"Transitioning to Full Field Digital Mammography in Nova Scotia: Using Interrupted Time Series Methods to Study the Impact of Technology Change on Mammography Volumes","volume":"8","author":"Brydon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy135","article-title":"The use of controls in interrupted time series studies of public health interventions","volume":"47","author":"Cummins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2013.08.002","article-title":"Use of Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Evaluating Health Care Quality Improvements","volume":"13","author":"Penfold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/23.4.292","article-title":"Women who are recalled for further investigation for breast screening: Psychological consequences 3 years after recall and factors affecting re-attendance","volume":"23","author":"Brett","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Public Health Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa080","article-title":"Impact of Full-Field Digital Mammography Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Population Screening: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"113","author":"Farber","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-0770-x","article-title":"Predictors of interobserver agreement in breast imaging using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System","volume":"120","author":"Antonio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E30","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X09347013","article-title":"Additional patient outcomes and pathways in evaluations of testing","volume":"29","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Decis Mak."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1397","article-title":"Digital and screen-film mammography: Comparison of image acquisition and interpretation times","volume":"187","author":"Berns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1258\/1357633001935392","article-title":"The length of time necessary to break even after converting to digital mammography","volume":"6","author":"Hiatt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comas, M., Arrospide, A., Mar, J., Sala, M., Vilaprinyo, E., Hernandez, C., Cots, F., Martinez, J., and Castells, X. (2014). Budget impact analysis of switching to digital mammography in a population-based breast cancer screening program: A discrete event simulation model. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097459"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"495","article-title":"Costs and Effects of Implementing Digital Tomosynthesis in a Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program: Predictions Using Results from the To-Be Trial in Norway","volume":"6","author":"Moger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Open"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06050-w","article-title":"Annual mammography at age 45\u201349 years and biennial mammography at age 50\u201369 years: Comparing performance measures in an organised screening setting","volume":"29","author":"Bucchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101285","article-title":"Use of BI-RADS 3-probably benign category in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial","volume":"260","author":"Baum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110321","article-title":"AI-based prevention of interval cancers in a national mammography screening program","volume":"152","author":"Byng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.14134","article-title":"Sensitivity and missed cancer rate in the symptomatic breast clinic-A retrospective cohort study of 40,323 patients","volume":"27","author":"Batt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77434","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening indicators in a Spanish population-based program: A cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38398.469479.8F","article-title":"Model of outcomes of screening mammography: Information to support informed choices","volume":"330","author":"Barratt","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ Br. Med. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14647\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:12:34Z","timestamp":1760145154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192214647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192214647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]}}}