{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:41:59Z","timestamp":1793929319978,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asbestos use started to be gradually banned in Europe from 1991 onwards, and there are currently strict occupational exposure limits for asbestos. However, malignant mesothelioma has a long latency time (in some cases up to 50\u201360 years), so the risks related to asbestos exposure should not be forgotten. Considering the increased risk of lung cancer following the inhalation of asbestos fibers, lifetime health monitoring should be considered in people occupationally exposed to asbestos, with an emphasis on the respiratory system. An assessment of their occupational history should be performed rigorously, especially in the areas with a history of asbestos production\/use, as this is a key element for an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This case report presents a near-missed case of occupational pleural malignant mesothelioma. The latency time between the first asbestos exposure and the diagnosis of occupational pleural malignant mesothelioma was 49 years. The accurate diagnosis was made two years after the first symptoms appeared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:01:45Z","timestamp":1668045705000},"page":"14763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Near Missed Case of Occupational Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma, a Case Report and Latest Therapeutic Options"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4870-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia-Mariana","family":"Handra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinela","family":"Chirila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca-Andreea","family":"Smarandescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Ghita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.11.11","article-title":"Epidemiology of mesothelioma in the 21st century in Europe and the United States, 40 years after restricted\/banned asbestos use","volume":"9","author":"Alpert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"E254","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"5","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e2749","article-title":"Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, Biphasic Type: An Unusual and Insidious Case of Rapidly Progressive Small Blue Cell Tumor","volume":"10","author":"Salazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0431-9","article-title":"Association between mesothelioma and non-occupational asbestos exposure: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brims, F. (2021). Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164194"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-020-00267-y","article-title":"Global use of asbestos- legitimate and illegitimate issues","volume":"15","author":"Frank","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2022, March 10). U.S. Geological Survey. Asbestos Data Sheet-Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020, Available online: https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/periodicals\/mcs2020\/mcs2020-asbestos.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.19.6.7295","article-title":"Inflammation Markers in the Evolution of Asbestosis","volume":"70","author":"Otelea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-008-0067-z","article-title":"Mesothelioma epidemiology, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs513","article-title":"Pleural Plaques and the Risk of Pleural Mesotheliom","volume":"105","author":"Pairon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.88","article-title":"The pathological and molecular diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma: A literature review","volume":"10","author":"Bruno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0063-2016","article-title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: An update on investigation, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Bibby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211321","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Guideline for the investigation and management of malignant pleural","volume":"73","author":"Woolhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Distinction between mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma based on immunohistochemistry in a patient with asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar fluid-case report","volume":"57","author":"Naghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.21.00426","article-title":"Management of Advanced Pleural Mesothelioma-At the Crossroads","volume":"18","author":"Nowak","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00091","article-title":"New Perspectives on Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"8","author":"Rossini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashimoto, K., Okuma, Y., Hosomi, Y., and Hishima, T. (2016). Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura with desmoplastic histology: A case series and literature review. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2745-8"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, S. (2021). Emerging avenues in immunotherapy for the management of malignant pleural meshothelioma. BMC Pulm. Med., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01513-7"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160trbac, D., and Dol\u017ean, V. (2022). Novel and Future Treatment Options in Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23041975"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.11.005","article-title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Popat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e703","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac099","article-title":"Phase I Study of Tremelimumab Monotherapy or in Combination with Durvalumab in Japanese Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors or Malignant Mesothelioma","volume":"27","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdj073","article-title":"A randomised trial in malignant mesothelioma (M) of early (E) versus delayed (D) chemotherapy in symptomatically stable patients: The MED trial","volume":"17","author":"Watkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.12.009","article-title":"Extrapleural pneumonectomy for early stage malignant pleural mesothelioma: A harmful procedure","volume":"77","author":"Rena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00995-2","article-title":"Palliative surgical debulking in malignant mesothelioma. Predictors of survival and symptom control","volume":"20","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2022, October 25). Ghid de Supraveghere a Riscului de Expunere Profesionala la Azbest, Available online: https:\/\/insp.gov.ro\/download\/cnmrmc\/Ghiduri\/Sanatate%20Ocupationala%20si%20Medicina%20Muncii\/Ghid-Expunere-Profesionala-Azbest.pdf."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14763\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:13:36Z","timestamp":1760145216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192214763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192214763","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]}}}