{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:52:19Z","timestamp":1768920739885,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programme of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Transmissible Diseases (PREVICET), CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","award":["CB06\/02\/0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/02\/0076"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Transmissible Diseases (PREVICET), CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","award":["CB16\/02\/00322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00322"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Transmissible Diseases (PREVICET), CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","award":["CB16\/02\/00429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00429"]}]},{"name":"Programme of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Transmissible Diseases (PREVICET), CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","award":["2017\/SGR 1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/SGR 1342"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid","award":["CB06\/02\/0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/02\/0076"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid","award":["CB16\/02\/00322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00322"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid","award":["CB16\/02\/00429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00429"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid","award":["2017\/SGR 1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/SGR 1342"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["CB06\/02\/0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB06\/02\/0076"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["CB16\/02\/00322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00322"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["CB16\/02\/00429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/02\/00429"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research","award":["2017\/SGR 1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/SGR 1342"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to estimate the cost and factors associated with severe hospitalized patients due to influenza in unvaccinated and vaccinated cases. The study had a cross-sectional design and included three influenza seasons in 16 sentinel hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from a surveillance system of influenza and other acute respiratory infections. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to analyze mean costs stratified by comorbidities and pregnancy. Multivariate logistic models were used to analyze bacterial coinfection, multi-organ failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, death and ICU admission by season and by vaccination status. Costs of ICU, hospitalization and total mean costs were analyzed using GLM, by season and by vaccination status. All models were adjusted for age and sex. A total of 2742 hospitalized cases were included in the analyses. Cases were mostly aged \u2265 60 years (70.17%), with recommended vaccination (86.14%) and unvaccinated (68.05%). The ICU admission level was statistically significant higher in unvaccinated compared to vaccinated cases. Costs of cases with more than or equal to two comorbidities (Diff = EUR \u2212 1881.32), diabetes (Diff = EUR \u2212 1953.21), chronic kidney disease (Diff = EUR \u2212 2260.88), chronic cardiovascular disease (Diff = EUR \u2212 1964.86), chronic liver disease (Diff = EUR \u2212 3595.60), hospitalization (EUR 9419.42 vs. EUR 9055.45), and total mean costs (EUR 11,540.04 vs. 10,221.34) were statistically significant higher in unvaccinated compared to vaccinated patients. The influenza vaccine reduces the costs of hospitalization. There is a need to focus strategies in recommended vaccination groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T19:16:23Z","timestamp":1668107783000},"page":"14793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Costs and Factors Associated with Hospitalizations Due to Severe Influenza in Catalonia (2017\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Soler-Font","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISMA Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Aznar-Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISMA Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Roc Boronat, 81-95, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1353-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Soldevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2896-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica de Lleida, IRB Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Department of Health, Roc Boronat, 81-95, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Serrano-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISMA Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Doctor Antoni Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Surveillance of Hospitalized Cases of Severe Influenza in Catalonia Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12504","article-title":"Risk factors for serious outcomes associated with influenza illness in high- versus low- and middle-income countries: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. 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