{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:12:51Z","timestamp":1781763171902,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["ID584\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID584\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["43PPE\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43PPE\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0034"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education","award":["ID584\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID584\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education","award":["43PPE\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43PPE\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Education","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2022-0034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is the third in a series of investigations conducted by the authors, and certainly the most comprehensive research regarding the former uranium, copper, and charcoal mines from a particular geographical area of Romania. In this respect, the present scientific incursion focused on two areas containing former extraction uranium ore sites, Ciudanovita and Lisava, as well as copper ore from Moldova Noua and charcoal mines from Anina, Banat Region, Romania. It highlighted that, for the first time, the heavy metal concentration was correlated with the values of physicochemical indicators of water (i.e., EC, DO, pH, resistivity, salinity, and ORP), by using multivariate analysis, to shape a regional based model on spatial distributions and the variability of toxic contaminants from the hydrographic basin of Banat, Romania, as a consequence of former uranium, copper, and charcoal mines. In this regard, 11 metals including Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, and Pb from different water samples (well, spring, river, and lake), collected from three mining areas (uranium, copper, and coal mines) were investigated. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of seven heavy metals were assessed using the EDI, DIM, and THQ. The obtained THQ values were within the acceptable limits for cancer risks for adults, but as regards children, eight samples out of 18 proved toxic. However, the HRI and THQ average values for Cd (0.265 adults\/0.996 children) and Pb (0.025 adults\/0.095 children) for children were 3\u20134 times higher than those for adults. This is a source of concern as their prevalence in well water exposes children and residents in the Banat Region to the risk of various types of cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"14866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comprehensive Assessment of Tailing Dumps\u2019 Impact on Water Quality of Rivers, Lakes, and Wells from Mining Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Murarescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130105 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1208-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Radulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Daniela","family":"Dulama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Muratoreanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130105 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gica","family":"Pehoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130105 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca Maria","family":"Stirbescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan Alin","family":"Bucurica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1219-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorina Geanina","family":"Stanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin Aurelian","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Laura","family":"Banica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e1nfalvi, G. (2011). Heavy metals, trace elements and their cellular effects. Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0428-2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026013394831","article-title":"Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: Mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage","volume":"1","author":"Ercal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, October 15). Guidelines for Drinking\u2013Water Quality: 4th Edition Incorporating the First Addendum. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/rest\/bitstreams\/1080656\/retrieve."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kunal, R. (2022). Water Quality and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Kunal, R. (2022). The Effects of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Water Quality in Chemometrics and Cheminformatics. Aquatic Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons Inc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/1943815X.2010.511648","article-title":"Emerging contaminants in surface waters and their relevance for the production of drinking water in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Houtman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Integr. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.09.020","article-title":"EU-wide survey of polar organic persistent pollu-tants in European river waters","volume":"157","author":"Loos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisler, R. (2000). Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment: Health Hazards to Humans, Plants, and Animals. Volume 2 Organics, Lewis Publishers.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420032741"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-1116(06)80296-7","article-title":"Potential ecological risk due to acidification of heavy industrialized areas: The upper silesia case","volume":"64","author":"Worsztynowicz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stud. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P., and Brusseau, M.L. (2011). Environmental and Pollution Science, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-019-02570-9","article-title":"Health risk assessment associated with abandoned copper and uranium mine tailings","volume":"102","author":"Pehoiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-020-04725-8","article-title":"Heavy metals accumulation and translocation in native plants grown on tailing dumps and human health risk","volume":"456","author":"Pehoiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1021\/es60166a017","article-title":"Cadmium bioaccumulation assays. Their relationship to various ionic equilibria in lake superior water","volume":"14","author":"Poldoski","year":"1980","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"246","article-title":"Assessment of heavy metal content in water and sediment of several salt lakes from Romania by atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"60","author":"Radulescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rom. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Using Statistical Analysis: A Case Study","volume":"61","author":"Radulescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rom. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012). Arsenic, Metals, Fibers and Dusts: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/mono100C.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"133","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","volume":"101","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"EXS"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Fergusson, J.E. (1990). The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Pergamon Press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903337100","article-title":"Essentiality and toxicity in copper health risk assessment: Overview, update and regulatory considerations","volume":"73","author":"Stern","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. A"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"807","article-title":"Determination of heavy metal contents in surface water by Inductively Coupled Plasma\u2014Mass Spectrometry: A case study of Ialomita River, Romania","volume":"62","author":"Dulama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2022, October 15). Directive 2013\/39\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 Amending Directives 2000\/60\/EC and 2008\/105\/EC as Regards Priority Substances in the Field of Water Policy. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:226:0001:0017:en:PDF."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2022, October 15). Directive (EU) 2020\/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption (Recast). Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32020L2184&from=EN."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"14","article-title":"Understanding Water Quality and Guidelines to Management An overview of challenges for water usage on golf courses for the 21st century","volume":"38","author":"Duncan","year":"2000","journal-title":"USGA Green Sect. Rec."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Singer, P.C. (1973). Trace Metals and Metal organic Interactions in Natural Waters, Ann Arbor Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/07900627.2012.672394","article-title":"Emerging contaminants and the implications for drinking water","volume":"28","author":"Fawell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Water Resour. Dev."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Kramer, C.J.M., and Duinken, J.C. (2013). Complexation Capacity and Conditional Stability Constants for Copper of Sea- and Estuarine Waters, Sediment Extracts and Colloids. Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Waters, Springer Science+Business Media."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2014-0009","article-title":"Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals","volume":"7","author":"Jaishankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"705","article-title":"Quantification of major ions in groundwaters using analytical techniques and statistical approaches","volume":"69","author":"Radulescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.18.5.6256","article-title":"Chemical Composition Assessment of Sulphurous Waters","volume":"69","author":"Murarescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Chim."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"73","article-title":"Spatial distribution of groundwater quality in connection with the surrounding land use and anthropogenic activity in rural areas","volume":"24","author":"Popa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Montan. Slovaca"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell, F.G., and Donnelly, L.J. (2006). Mining and Its Impact on the Environment, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482288230"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-2927(95)00083-6","article-title":"Impact of mining and metallurgical industries on the environment in Poland","volume":"11","author":"Rybicka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2012.03.003","article-title":"Applying a mathematical model of sustainability to the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix evaluation of the coal mining tailings dumps in the Jiului Valley, Romania","volume":"63","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Environmental impact assessment of tailing dumps (Case Study: Lupeni Coal Mine, Jiului Valley)","volume":"4","author":"Irimia","year":"2011","journal-title":"ProEnvironment"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129666","article-title":"A critical review of prevention, treatment, reuse, and resource recovery from acid mine drainage","volume":"329","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125061","article-title":"Acid mine drainage from coal mining in the United States\u2014An overview","volume":"588","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012083519667","article-title":"Environmental impact of coal mining on water regime and its management","volume":"132","author":"Tiwary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148798","article-title":"The geochemistry and hydrology of coal waste rock dumps: A systematic global review","volume":"795","author":"Welch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s002540050422","article-title":"Distribution and environmental impact of coal-mining wastes in Upper Silesia, Poland","volume":"38","author":"Szczepanska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/aheh.200400622","article-title":"The effects of mining in Northern Romania on the heavy metal distribution in sediments of the rivers Szamos and Tisza (Hungary)","volume":"34","author":"Kraft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2019.104098","article-title":"Preliminary study on the feasibility of co-exploitation of coal and uranium","volume":"123","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106972","article-title":"Characterization and processing of radioactive uranium containing waste sludge by sulfuric acid leaching","volume":"10","author":"Nalivaiko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.04.021","article-title":"Effective removal of uranium via phosphate addition for the treatment of uranium laden process effluents","volume":"158","author":"Foster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.120784","article-title":"Uranium extraction using hydroxyapatite recovered from phosphorus containing wastewater","volume":"382","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2021.106773","article-title":"Progress of uranium-contaminated soil bioremediation technology","volume":"241","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioactiv."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"701","article-title":"Characterization of speleothems from Floriilor Cave, Romania","volume":"73","author":"Pehoiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom. Rep. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Mutihac, V. (1990). Structura Geologica a Teritoriului Romaniei, Tehnica."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"109","article-title":"Chemical erosion in the karst area of the Anina Mountains (Banat)","volume":"20","author":"Sencu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stud. Geomorphol. Carpatho-Balc."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Artugyan, L.F. (2015). Studiu de Geomorfologie Carstica Integrata a Arealului Carstic Anina (Muntii Banatului). [Ph.D. Thesis, Western University of Timisoara]."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Ujvari, I. (1972). Geografia Apelor Romaniei, Stiintifica."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"33","article-title":"Delimitarea si Caracter-Izarea Corpurilor de Apa Subterana din Romania","volume":"50","author":"Bretotean","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hidrotehnica"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"16","article-title":"Corpurile de ape sub-terane transfrontaliere ale Romaniei","volume":"7","author":"Bretotean","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hidrogeologia"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Marchidan, E. (2011). Metodologie de Monitorizare, Evaluare si Reabilitare a Corpurilor de Apa Subterana, Cu un Studiu de Caz \u00een Spatiul Hidrografic Banat. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bucharest]."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"743","article-title":"Environmental and social effects of mining exploitation in the south area of Banat Mountains (Romania)","volume":"48","author":"Pehoiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Arts"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Badea, L. (1987). Geografia Romaniei, Carpatii Romanesti si Depresiunea Transilvaniei, Academia Romana."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2022, October 09). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Laboratory Services and Applied Science Division Athens, Georgia, Surface Water Sampling\u2014Operating Procedure, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2015-06\/documents\/Surfacewater-Sampling.pdf."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2022, October 04). Ordin nr. 161 din 16 Februarie 2006 pentru Aprobarea Normativului Privind Clasificarea Calitatii Apelor de Suprafata in Vederea Stabilirii Starii Ecologice a Corpurilor de Apa (Order no. 161\/2006\u2014The Norm Regarding the Classification of Surface Water Quality in Order to Establish the Ecological Status of Water Bodies). Available online: https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocumentAfis\/72574."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13051","article-title":"Impact of Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hand Washing with Soap on Childhood Diarrhoeal Disease: Updated Meta-Analysis and -Regression. Medicine","volume":"23","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Heal."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.08.017","article-title":"Concentrations and potential health risks of strontium in drinking water from Xian, Northwest China","volume":"164","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safe"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (2022, October 11). The Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 3): Data Summary, January 2017, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-02\/documents\/ucmr3-data-summary-january-2017.pdf."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2022, October 06). Lege nr. 458 din 8 iulie 2002 (Republicata) Privind Calitatea Apei Potabile (Law no. 458 of July 8, 2002 (Republished) Regarding the Quality of Drinking Water). Available online: https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/37723."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine\u2014Panel on Micronutrients (2022, February 04). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iiodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK222310\/."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) (2011). Scientific Opinion on tolerable weekly intake for cadmium. EFSA J., 9, 1975.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.1975"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (2012). Lead dietary exposure in the European population. EFSA J., 10, 2831.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2831"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012076","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/458\/1\/012076","article-title":"Reliability of principal component analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient, for application in artificial neural network model development, for water treatment plants","volume":"458","author":"Jayaweera","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.03.024","article-title":"Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: A study based on GIS and multivariate statistics","volume":"356","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2016.1275661","article-title":"Characterization of Heavy Metal Air Pollution in Romania Using Moss Biomonitoring, Neutron Activation Analysis, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry","volume":"50","author":"Stihi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14866\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:16:43Z","timestamp":1760145403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/22\/14866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192214866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192214866","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]}}}