{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:19:23Z","timestamp":1789010363509,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly increasing in prevalence with rising childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MetS and its components among Sudanese early adolescents in Khartoum State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at primary schools in Khartoum State. A questionnaire was administered to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were taken. Results: In total, 921 students, boys and girls aged 10\u201315 years old, participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.59 \u00b1 1.21 years. The overall prevalence rate of MetS was 2.3% using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. MetS was significantly more prevalent among boys than girls (3.4% vs. 1.5%). Obese adolescents had higher MetS prevalence than those who were overweight (14.9 vs. 2.8, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Boys had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than girls. Early adolescents from Sudan who are obese had more risk factors for MetS than those who are normal weight or overweight. It is important to address the causes of increased risk for MetS early in life to prevent the development of the disease in adult life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:29:32Z","timestamp":1668392972000},"page":"14876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Early Adolescents in Khartoum State, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fatima A.","family":"Elfaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"School of Nutrition and Translation Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziza I. G.","family":"Mukhayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman P.O. Box 167, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6647-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Moukhyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Public Health Programs, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rama M.","family":"Chandika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stef P. J.","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Translation Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases: 2010, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014, World Health Organization. No. WHO\/NMH\/NVI\/15.1."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). Country Cooperation Strategy for WHO and Sudan: 2008\u20132013, World Health Organization. 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