{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:48:41Z","timestamp":1760244521227,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early life conditions are associated with lung function and the development of respiratory and non-respiratory illnesses. The relationship with birthweight (BW), however, is conflicting. We examined associations of self-reported BW with lung function and the development of respiratory and also non-respiratory diseases within the GEIRD (Gene\u2013Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases) project, an Italian multi-centre, multi-case control study involving cases of COPD, asthma, allergic rhinitis and controls. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with case\/control status as response variable; BW as main determinant; and adjusting for sex, age and smoking status. Of the 2287 participants reporting BW, 6.4% (n = 147) had low BW (&lt;2500 g), and this proportion was greater in women than men (7.8% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.006). Both men and women with low BW were shorter than those with normal BW (mean \u00b1 SD: 160.2 \u00b1 5.5 vs. 162.6 \u00b1 6.5 cm in women, p = 0.009; 172.4 \u00b1 6.1 vs. 174.8 \u00b1 7.2 cm in men, p &lt; 0.001). Although FEV1 and FVC were reduced in individuals with low BW, this was explained by associations with sex and height. In multivariable analysis, BW was not associated with respiratory diseases in adulthood. However, those with low BW had a higher risk of self-reported hospitalisation for lung disease before the age of two (10.3% vs. 4.1%; p &lt; 0.001), severe respiratory infection before the age of five (16.9% vs. 8.8%; p = 0.001) and hypertension in adulthood (29.9% vs. 23.7%; p = 0.001); however, they had a lower risk of arrhythmia (2.7% vs. 5.8%; p = 0.027).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:27:34Z","timestamp":1668565654000},"page":"15062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association of Self-Reported Birthweight with Lung Function and Respiratory Diseases: Results from a Multi-Centre, Multi-Case Control Study in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6651-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tocco Tussardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Tfaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7669-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Antonicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ancona, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2018ProMISE\u2019 (Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties) Department, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo G.","family":"Corsico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Pneumology Unit, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Murgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1457-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Pirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tardivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Verlato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Impact of early life exposures on respiratory disease","volume":"40","author":"Bush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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