{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:42:48Z","timestamp":1783568568926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea","award":["Research Fund, 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Fund, 2020"]}]},{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea","award":["NIER-2021-03-03-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIER-2021-03-03-007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003562","name":"Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Fund, 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Fund, 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003562","name":"Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIER-2021-03-03-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIER-2021-03-03-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted to the atmosphere form ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) by photochemical reactions. As they contain numerous harmful compounds such as carcinogens, it is necessary to analyze them from a health perspective. Given the petroleum-based organic solvents used during the drying process, large amounts of VOCs are emitted from small laundry facilities. In this study, a laundry facility located in a residential area was selected, while VOCs data emitted during the drying process were collected and analyzed using a thermal desorption-gas chromatography\/mass spectrometer (TD-GC\/MS). We compared the results of the solvent composition, human risk assessment, contribution of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) to evaluate the chemical species. Alkane-based compounds; the main components of petroleum organic solvents, were dominant. The differences in evaporation with respect to the boiling point were also discerned. The POCP contribution exhibited the same trend as the emission concentration ratios for nonane (41%), decane (34%), and undecane (14%). However, the SOAP contribution accounted for o-xylene (28%), decane (27%), undecane (25%), and nonane (9%), thus confirming the high contribution of o-xylene to SOA formation. The risk assessment showed that acrylonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, nitrobenzene, bromodichloromethane, and chloromethane among carcinogenic compounds, and bromomethane, chlorobenzene, o-xylene, and hexachloro-1, 3-butadiene were found to be hazardous, thereby excessing the standard value. Overall these results facilitate the selection and control of highly reactive and harmful VOCs emitted from the dry-cleaning process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:12:20Z","timestamp":1668654740000},"page":"15130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of VOCs Emitted from Small Laundry Facilities: Contributions to Ozone and Secondary Aerosol Formation and Human Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Da-Mee","family":"Eun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Sung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Seong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab.SolEmis, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Thi-Hoang","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Program on Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangmin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Joon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Program on Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Sang","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.05.031","article-title":"Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)\u2014A review","volume":"140","author":"Kamal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. 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