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To this end, physical activity, sleep, depression, and cognitive function in 864 community-dwelling older adults from the Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening, respectively. Their sociodemographic characteristics were also recorded. After adjusting for confounders, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of physical activity, sleep, and depression on cognitive function. Models 4, 5, 7, and 14 of PROCESS were applied to verify the mediating and moderating effects of all variables. Physical activity had a direct effect on cognitive function (effect = 0.97, p &lt; 0.01) and indirect effect (effect = 0.36; confidence interval: 0.18, 0.57) through depression. Moreover, mediated moderation effects of sleep were confirmed in the pathways where physical activity affects cognitive function through depression (F-coeff = 13.37, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, these relationships differed with age. Thus, the associations among physical activity, depression, and sleep are important in interventions for the cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults. Such interventions should focus on different factors depending on age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1669341937000},"page":"15655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relationships of Physical Activity, Depression, and Sleep with Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kahee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyubeom","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Hyuk","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Woang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Hyung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Joon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Woong","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-12104","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Mariani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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