{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:45:05Z","timestamp":1793036705118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"3M"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in permanent teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna and examine influential variables. The study included all patients with dental trauma in permanent teeth who presented at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna (Austria) between 2014 and 2016. Dental records, including age, gender, location of trauma, type of trauma, cause of TDI, and location of the traumatic incident, were obtained. Clinical oral and radiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with the current guidelines of the German Society of Dental, Oral, and Craniomandibular Sciences (DGZMK). The sample comprised 1132 permanent teeth of 578 patients with TDIs. The most frequently injured teeth were upper central incisors (n = 719, 63.5%), followed by upper lateral incisors (n = 231, 20.4%). Fractures were the most frequent injury type (53%, n = 596). TDIs mostly occur due to falling accidents. The majority of traumatic incidents occurred at home (79.4%, n = 459). The injury characteristics are comparable to the results of other international studies. Due to the high prevalence of TDIs in dental medicine, dental practitioners should be equipped to effectively manage their immediate care and treat potential long-term complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T01:52:20Z","timestamp":1669773140000},"page":"15725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence and Patterns of Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Permanent Dentition: A Three-Year Retrospective Overview Study at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lembacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer G\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-202X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Lettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Statistics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-0123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Bekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12395","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: A review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries","volume":"35","author":"Andersson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70290-8","article-title":"Prevalence of dental trauma in 6000 patients with facial injuries: Implications for prevention","volume":"87","author":"Gassner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12389","article-title":"World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis-One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries","volume":"34","author":"Petti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12148","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of dental trauma cases from an urban pediatric emergency department","volume":"31","author":"Ritwik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries: Etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Zaleckiene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00110.x","article-title":"The caries decline: A review of reviews","volume":"104","author":"Petersson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2007.00592.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. I. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth","volume":"23","author":"Flores","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Andreasen, J., Andreasen, F., and Andersson, L. (2007). Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth, Blackwell Munksgaard."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00696.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries\u2014A 12 year review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Glendor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2007.00543.x","article-title":"Dentists\u2019 management of dental injuries and dental trauma in Australia: A review","volume":"24","author":"Yeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12331","article-title":"Lip and tooth injuries at public swimming pools in Austria","volume":"33","author":"Lechner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"111","article-title":"Dental trauma in children in Budapest. A retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Alhaddad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"e592","article-title":"Incidence of traumatic dental injury in Valencia, Spain","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2003.00131.x","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries in children presenting for treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, 1997\u20132000","volume":"19","author":"Rajab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2009.00861.x","article-title":"Prevalence of traumatic injuries to maxillary permanent teeth in 9- to 14-year-old school children in Yazd, Iran","volume":"26","author":"Navabazam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"317","article-title":"Etiology of traumatic dental injuries in 11 to 13-year-old schoolchildren","volume":"1","author":"Traebert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"35","article-title":"Anterior traumatic dental injuries in East Iranian school children: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"Rouhani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.99992","article-title":"The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth and its relation with predisposing risk factors among 8\u201313 years school children of Vadodara city: An epidemiological study","volume":"30","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12678","article-title":"A 5-year data report of traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents from a major dental trauma center in Greece","volume":"37","author":"Agouropoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"439","article-title":"Dental trauma in schoolchildren six to twelve years of age","volume":"65","author":"Zaragoza","year":"1998","journal-title":"ASDC J. Dent. Child."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"105","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jordan: Prevalence, risk factors and treatment need","volume":"11","author":"Rajab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Bajjali, T.T., and Rajab, L.D. (2014). Traumatic dental injuries among 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren: An investigation on obesity and other risk factors. BMC Oral Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-101"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00234.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of dental trauma: A review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Bastone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12236","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries among 12- and 15-year-old adolescents in Georgia: Results of the pathfinder study","volume":"32","author":"Bilder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00342.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the diagnostic classifications of traumatic dental injuries","volume":"22","author":"Feliciano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12223","article-title":"Prevalence of dental trauma and use of mouthguards in rugby union players","volume":"59","author":"Ilia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1308\/205016817821281738","article-title":"The role of mouthguards in preventing and reducing sports-related trauma","volume":"6","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim. Dent. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/15725\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:08Z","timestamp":1760146028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/15725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192315725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192315725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]}}}