{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:01:12Z","timestamp":1787792472233,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated body composition and fitness test relationships from firefighters participating in a health and wellness program and categorized firefighters according to population norms relative to sex and age. Data from 270 firefighters (men = 258, women = 12) were analyzed, including body composition (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio) and fitness (sit-and-reach, grip strength, leg press, crunches, push-ups, maximal aerobic capacity [V\u0307O2max]) tests. Mann\u2013Whitney U-test analysis (p &lt; 0.05) showed that male firefighters had a greater WC, WHR, grip strength and leg press. Female firefighters had a greater BF% and better sit-and-reach. Partial correlations controlling for sex indicated 22\/24 correlations between body composition and fitness were significant (r = \u22120.143\u2013\u22120.640). ~52% of firefighters were overweight, and 25% were Obesity Class I-III. ~76% had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) considering BMI and WC. ~22% were fatter than average-to-overfat considering BF%. Most firefighters (73\u201394%) were good-to-excellent in sit-and-reach, grip strength, and push-ups; average-to-well above average in crunches; average-to-above average in leg press; and had good-to-superior V\u0307O2max. Although most firefighters had better fitness compared to the general population, many had increased CVD risk. The data highlighted the need for comprehensive approaches to improving firefighter health and decreasing CVD risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T04:58:50Z","timestamp":1669784330000},"page":"15758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7038-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Lockie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Dulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Higuera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Technology Department, Santa Ana College, Santa Ana, CA 92706, USA"},{"name":"Human and Sport Performance, Rocky Mountain University, Provo, UT 84606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Technology Department, Santa Ana College, Santa Ana, CA 92706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin M.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Jay","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas J.","family":"Ruvalcaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Technology Department, Santa Ana College, Santa Ana, CA 92706, USA"},{"name":"Human and Sport Performance, Rocky Mountain University, Provo, UT 84606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, A., Pope, R., Schram, B., Gorey, R., and Orr, R. (2019). The Impact of Occupational Tasks on Firefighter Hydration During a Live Structural Fire. 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