{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:05:12Z","timestamp":1760151912463,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIN","award":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"]}]},{"name":"FIFA\u2014Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC)","award":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"]}]},{"name":"Danish Ministry of Culture (Kulturministeriets Udvalg for Idr\u00e6tsforskning)","award":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"]}]},{"name":"Nordea-fonden","award":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017_Prot.2017RS5M44","F-MARC Project 31964","TKIF 2010\u2013027","02-2011-4360"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aging and sedentary behavior are independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. An active lifestyle and structured physical activity are positively associated with a healthier quality of life in the elderly. Here, we explored the proteomic\/metabolomic muscular signature induced by lifelong football training associated with successful aging. Methods: The study was performed on nine lifelong football players (67.3 \u00b1 2.8 yrs) and nine aged-matched untrained subjects. We performed a proteomic\/metabolomic approach on V. lateralis muscle biopsies; the obtained data were analyzed by means of different bioinformatic tools. Results: Our results indicated that lifelong football training is able to enhance the muscles\u2019 oxidative capacity in the elderly by promoting fatty acids as preferential energetic substrates and hence determining a healthier body composition and metabolic profile; furthermore, we showed that the total polyamine content is higher in lifelong football players\u2019 muscle, enforcing the involvement of polyamines in muscle growth and hypertrophy. Conclusions: Lifelong football training, as a structured physical activity, significantly influences the expression of the proteins and metabolites involved in oxidative metabolism and muscle hypertrophy associated with successful aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T07:38:49Z","timestamp":1669621129000},"page":"15835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insight into the Molecular Signature of Skeletal Muscle Characterizing Lifelong Football Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Orr\u00f9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3054-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Imperlini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Vitucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6035-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Caterino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6921-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Mandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten Bredsgaard","family":"Randers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob Friis","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Anaesthesia for ENT, Head Neck & Maxillofacial Surgery and Ortopedi, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hagman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0315-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Rostgaard","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Krustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke\u2019s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK"},{"name":"Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Ruoppolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasqualina","family":"Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8595-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.09.003","article-title":"Physiology of ageing of the musculoskeletal system","volume":"31","author":"Boros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function","volume":"99","author":"Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imperlini, E., Mancini, A., Orr\u00f9, S., Vitucci, D., Di Onofrio, V., Gall\u00e8, F., Valerio, G., Salvatore, G., Liguori, G., and Buono, P. (2020). Long-Term Recreational Football Training and Health in Aging. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062087"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10053","article-title":"Molecular and biological hallmarks of ageing","volume":"103","author":"Aunan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Br. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flatt, T., and Partridge, L. (2018). Horizons in the evolution of aging. BMC Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0562-z"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700075","article-title":"Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease","volume":"52","author":"Neustadt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3290","article-title":"The place of genetics in ageing research","volume":"13","author":"Barzilai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181e373a2","article-title":"Too Much sitting: The population health science of sedentary behavior","volume":"38","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.08.002","article-title":"Sedentary behavior","volume":"33","author":"Biddle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-022-00291-3","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary behavior trajectories and their associations with quality of life, disability, and all-cause mortality","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975608","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.975608","article-title":"Does an active lifestyle matter? A longitudinal study of physical activity and health-related determinants in older adults","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094955","article-title":"Recreational football is effective in the treatment of non-communicable diseases","volume":"49","author":"Krustrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.06.003","article-title":"Physical activity and healthy ageing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serum Metabolomics of Activity Energy Expenditure and its Relation to Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity","volume":"8","author":"Kopciuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0212-1","article-title":"The Effects of a Single Versus Three Consecutive Sessions of Football Training on Postprandial Lipemia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Healthy, Recreationally Active Males","volume":"5","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094781","article-title":"Recreational football for disease prevention and treatment in untrained men: A narrative review examining cardiovascular health, lipid profile, body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity","volume":"49","author":"Bangsbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01108.x","article-title":"Recreational football as a health promoting activity: A topical review","volume":"20","author":"Krustrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01091.x","article-title":"Positive performance and health effects of a football training program over 12 weeks can be maintained over a 1-year period with reduced training frequency","volume":"20","author":"Randers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12153","article-title":"Cardiovascular function is better in veteran football players than age-matched untrained elderly healthy men","volume":"25","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2014.11.003","article-title":"Effects of long-term football training on the expression profile of genes involved in muscle oxidative metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Alfieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Probes"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04733-1","article-title":"Regular football training down-regulates miR-1303 muscle expression in veterans","volume":"121","author":"Mancini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099377","article-title":"Football is medicine: It is time for patients to play!","volume":"52","author":"Krustrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3562-8","article-title":"Effect of lifelong football training on the expression of muscle molecular markers involved in healthy longevity","volume":"117","author":"Mancini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00132","article-title":"Lifelong Football Training: Effects on Autophagy and Healthy Longevity Promotion","volume":"10","author":"Mancini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2021.03.017","article-title":"The first knock-in rat model for glutaric aciduria type I allows further insights into pathophysiology in brain and periphery","volume":"133","author":"Remacle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costanzo, M., Cevenini, A., Marchese, E., Imperlini, E., Raia, M., Del Vecchio, L., Caterino, M., and Ruoppolo, M. (2018). Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics in a Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase-Silenced Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113580"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18450","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18450","article-title":"An ancestral host defence peptide within human \u03b2-defensin 3 recapitulates the antibacterial and antiviral activity of the full-length molecule","volume":"5","author":"Nigro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR07229J","article-title":"Nano-bio interface between human plasma and niosomes with different formulations indicates protein corona patterns for nanoparticle cell targeting and uptake","volume":"13","author":"Imperlini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D543","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1038","article-title":"The PRIDE database resources in 2022: A Hub for mass spectrometry-based proteomics evidences","volume":"50","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caterino, M., Ruoppolo, M., Costanzo, M., Albano, L., Crisci, D., Sotgiu, G., Saderi, L., Montella, A., Franconi, F., and Campesi, I. (2021). Sex Affects Human Premature Neonates\u2019 Blood Metabolome According to Gestational Age, Parenteral Nutrition, and Caffeine Treatment. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030158"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pasquale, V., Caterino, M., Costanzo, M., Fedele, R., Ruoppolo, M., and Pavone, L.M. (2020). Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of a Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB Mouse Model Reveals an Imbalance of Branched-Chain Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124211"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13325","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13325","article-title":"Proteomics in aging research: A roadmap to clinical, translational research","volume":"20","author":"Moaddel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74335","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74335","article-title":"Unbiased proteomics, histochemistry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number reveal better mitochondrial health in muscle of high-functioning octogenarians","volume":"11","author":"Spendiff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00312","article-title":"Physical Activity Associated Proteomics of Skeletal Muscle: Being Physically Active in Daily Life May Protect Skeletal Muscle from Aging","volume":"10","author":"Lyashkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2933","article-title":"Endurance exercise as a countermeasure for aging","volume":"57","author":"Lanza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.03.028","article-title":"Basal and exercise induced label-free quantitative protein profiling of m. Vastus lateralis in trained and untrained individuals","volume":"122","author":"Schild","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.02.009","article-title":"Enhanced protein translation underlies improved metabolic and physical adaptations to different exercise training modes in young and old humans","volume":"25","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1407232","article-title":"Serum from differently exercised subjects induces myogenic differentiation in LHCN-M2 human myoblasts","volume":"36","author":"Vitucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancini, A., Vitucci, D., Labruna, G., Orr\u00f9, S., and Buono, P. (2022). Effects of Different Types of Chronic Training on Bioenergetic Profile and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in LHCN-M2 Human Myoblast Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147491"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr055","article-title":"Absolute strength and loss of strength as predictors of mobility decline in older adults: The InCHIANTI study","volume":"67","author":"Hicks","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12653","article-title":"Difference in muscle quality over the adult life span and biological correlates in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"62","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18793","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611252200","article-title":"Calcium induces increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha and mitochondrial biogenesis by a pathway leading to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation","volume":"282","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.02.037","article-title":"Role of CaMKII in the regulation of fatty acids and lipid metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, D.F., and Bishop, D.J. (2022). Transcription Factor Movement and Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscle: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031517"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C913","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00065.2022","article-title":"Regulatory networks coordinating mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle","volume":"322","author":"Slavin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.03.002","article-title":"Exercise increases hyper-acetylation of histones on the Cis-element of NRF-1 binding to the Mef2a promoter: Implications on type 2 diabetes","volume":"486","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22569","article-title":"Polyamines, androgens, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy","volume":"226","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.06.020","article-title":"Remaining Mysteries of Molecular Biology: The Role of Polyamines in the Cell","volume":"427","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervelli, M., Leonetti, A., Duranti, G., Sabatini, S., Ceci, R., and Mariottini, P. (2018). Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine. Med. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6010014"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00586.x","article-title":"Influence of physical exercise on polyamine synthesis in the rat skeletal muscle","volume":"30","author":"Turchanowa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"850","article-title":"Polyamines as modulators of gene expression under oxidative stress in Escherichia coli","volume":"68","author":"Tkachenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00064-0","article-title":"Transcription of ahpC, katG, and katE genes in Escherichia coli is regulated by polyamines: Polyamine-deficient mutant sensitive to H2O2-induced oxidative damage","volume":"301","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0084","article-title":"Interactions between polyamines and abiotic stress pathway responses unraveled by transcriptome analysis of polyamine overproducers","volume":"15","author":"Marco","year":"2011","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1100060","article-title":"Spermidine affects the transcriptome responses to high temperature stress in ripening tomato fruit","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2013.165","article-title":"Tpo1-mediated spermine and spermidine export controls cell cycle delay and times antioxidant protein expression during the oxidative stress response","volume":"14","author":"Vowinckel","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-012-9666-3","article-title":"The polyamine spermine protects Arabidopsis from heat stress-induced damage by increasing expression of heat shock-related genes","volume":"22","author":"Sagor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.19.11140","article-title":"The natural polyamine spermine functions directly as a free radical scavenger","volume":"95","author":"Ha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000038227.91813.79","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching properties of polyamines","volume":"262","author":"Das","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"965","article-title":"Kinetic evaluation of polyamines as radical scavengers","volume":"25","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa064","article-title":"Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on the serum polyamine metabolome in individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"111","author":"Tinahones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/15835\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:24Z","timestamp":1760146104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/15835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192315835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192315835","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]}}}