{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:35:42Z","timestamp":1789659342805,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research and Innovation, PROGRES","award":["40PFE\/30.12.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40PFE\/30.12.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims at evaluating and categorizing patients\u2019 objective and subjective postoperative recovery symptoms after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery assigning the healing process. The patients were monitored throughout the recovery process, and their symptoms were managed. A prospective, observational study was performed. Patients with Class II and III malocclusion (aged 18 to 35) were evaluated and monitored preoperatively, and postoperatively at 48 h, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postsurgery. A questionnaire was used to assess pain and anesthesia\/hypoesthesia. The most common objective and subjective signs that were correlated with the healing process were edema, hematoma, trismus, pain, and anesthesia\/hypoesthesia. Edema peaked at 48\u201372 h postoperatively (distance between eye\u2019s external canthus and gonion, mean difference = 4.53, between tragus and cheilion, mean difference = 7, between tragus and gnathion, mean difference = 4.65, p &lt; 0.001); mouth opening amplitude was significantly decreased during the first two weeks postsurgery (class II, mean difference = 32.42, p = 0.006, class III, mean difference = 44.57, p &lt; 0.001), but it steadily and considerably improved over three months. The nose tended to widen postsurgery. The most severe pain experienced by patients was of medium intensity in the mandibular body, described as pressure, and usually did not spread. Patients were most severely and persistently impacted by anesthesia\/hypoesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1669798001000},"page":"16028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Recovery following Orthognathic Surgery Procedures\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Dinu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avram","family":"Manea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Tomoiag\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"B\u0103ciu\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Alm\u0103\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei Otto","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan","family":"Barbur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Hede\u0219iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1087-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Armencea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6123-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horia","family":"Opri\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Stoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiberiu","family":"Tama\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigore","family":"B\u0103ciu\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Oni\u0219or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simion","family":"Bran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d, 37 Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_37_18","article-title":"Dental Anomalies and 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Surg."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16028\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:34Z","timestamp":1760146234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192316028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}}}