{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:12:53Z","timestamp":1774980773835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["81870775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870775"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["81500855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500855"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["22SKGH070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SKGH070"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation Project of China","award":["2019ZY023226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZY023226"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81500855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22SKGH070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SKGH070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019ZY023226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZY023226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["81870775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870775"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["81500855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500855"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["22SKGH070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SKGH070"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["2019ZY023226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZY023226"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project","award":["81870775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870775"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project","award":["81500855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500855"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1148"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project","award":["22SKGH070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SKGH070"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project","award":["2019ZY023226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZY023226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A qualified Chinese dental postgraduate requires at least eight years of training. The huge academic burden, strict clinical requirements, and high workload increases the risk of job burnout, depression symptoms, and career choice regret of dental postgraduates, which may cause one to waver in their choice of a career as a doctor. Therefore, we aimed at assessing the relationship between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and career choice regret among Chinese dental postgraduates. The Chongqing Stomatological Association conducted an online cross-sectional study among 558 dental postgraduates in China, with an average age of 22.54 \u00b1 2.44. Demographic information, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the 2-item Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders scale, and career choice regret scale were included in the questionnaire. About 41.0% of dental postgraduates experienced job burnout, 44.1% had depressive symptoms, and 41.6% reported career choice regret. Logistic regression analysis indicated the risk factors for job burnout were time worked\/studied per week, depressive symptoms, and career choice regret. Job burnout and career choice regret was significantly related to depressive symptoms (p &lt; 0.001). Risk factors for career choice regret were gender, postgraduate entrance examination score, daily hours of sleep, job burnout, and depressive symptoms. Such results suggest that job burnout, depressive symptoms, and career choice regrets are prevalent among dental postgraduates. Accurate measures should be taken to change this situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T01:54:31Z","timestamp":1669859671000},"page":"16042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relationship between Job Burnout, Depressive Symptoms, and Career Choice Regret among Chinese Postgraduates of Stomatology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiqing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wu, S.Y. (2021). Number of practicing physicians and general practitioners by region in 2020. Chinese Health Statistical Yearbook, Peking Union Medical College Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058866","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2058866","article-title":"High prevalence and risk factors of dropout intention among Chinese medical postgraduates","volume":"27","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Educ. Online"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761706","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.761706","article-title":"Burnout and Well-Being Among Medical Professionals in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malone, T.L., Zhao, Z., Liu, T.Y., Song, P.X.K., Sen, S., and Scott, L.J. (2021). Prediction of suicidal ideation risk in a prospective cohort study of medical interns. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260620"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"22","article-title":"Medical Graduates, Tertiary Hospitals, and Burnout: A Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"16","author":"Parr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Maslach, C.J.S., and Leiter, M.P. (1997). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual, Consulting Psychologists Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20311","article-title":"Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry","volume":"15","author":"Maslach","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1318","article-title":"Relationship between burnout and professional conduct and attitudes among US medical students","volume":"304","author":"Dyrbye","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000218","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout in pediatric intensivists: An observational comparison with general pediatricians","volume":"15","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, L., Pu, J., Liu, Y., Zhong, X., Gui, S., Song, X., Xu, S., Zhou, X., Wang, H., and Zhou, W. (2019). Relationship between burnout and career choice regret among Chinese neurology postgraduates. BMC Med. Educ., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1601-3"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1842471","article-title":"Stress and burnout in psychology doctoral students","volume":"26","author":"Rico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02183.x","article-title":"The normative development of emotion regulation strategy use in children and adolescents: A 2-year follow-up study","volume":"51","author":"Gullone","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-2281-4","article-title":"Stress, psychological distress, burnout and perfectionism in UK dental students","volume":"229","author":"Collin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv119","article-title":"Systematic review: Factors contributing to burnout in dentistry","volume":"66","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"316","author":"Rotenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5910.b961","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students","volume":"8","author":"Basudan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12144","article-title":"High depressive symptom prevalence in dental students associated with lifestyle and well-being characteristics","volume":"84","author":"Lerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2019.1626453","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and quality of life among Chinese medical postgraduates: A national cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12064","article-title":"Career choice and future design of dental students in China and Japan","volume":"64","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023297","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023297","article-title":"Prevalence and relationship between burnout and depression in our future doctors: A cross-sectional study in a cohort of preclinical and clinical medical students in Ireland","volume":"9","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-015-0468-9","article-title":"Medical Student Stress, Burnout and Depression in Trinidad and Tobago","volume":"40","author":"Youssef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-017-0879-x","article-title":"Examining Burnout, Depression, and Attitudes Regarding Drug Use Among Lebanese Medical Students During the 4 Years of Medical School","volume":"42","author":"Talih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000414","article-title":"Work stress precipitates depression and anxiety in young, working women and men","volume":"37","author":"Melchior","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.029","article-title":"The relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms in patients with depressive disorders","volume":"172","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120911095","article-title":"Burnout-Depression Overlap: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Bifactor Analysis and Network Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Verkuilen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Pu, J., Zhong, X., Yang, W., Teng, T., Fan, L., Wang, H., Tian, L., Liu, Y., and Xie, P. (2021). Overlap of burnout-depression symptoms among Chinese neurology graduate students in a national cross-sectional study. BMC Med. Educ., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02511-3"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2013.859120","article-title":"Job-related burnout and the relationship to quality of life among Chinese medical college staff","volume":"70","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2021.0441","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout among GPs: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Karuna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.048462","article-title":"Burnout, psychological morbidity, job satisfaction, and stress: A survey of Canadian hospital based child protection professionals","volume":"90","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181ac4dfd","article-title":"Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons","volume":"250","author":"Shanafelt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.006","article-title":"Decision-related loss: Regret and disappointment","volume":"47","author":"Chua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","article-title":"Job burnout","volume":"52","author":"Maslach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220043029","article-title":"Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study","volume":"272","author":"Spitzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1997.00076.x","article-title":"Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many","volume":"12","author":"Whooley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12615","article-title":"Association of Clinical Specialty with Symptoms of Burnout and Career Choice Regret among US Resident Physicians","volume":"320","author":"Dyrbye","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12819","article-title":"Impact of grit, resilience, and stress levels on burnout and well-being of dental students","volume":"86","author":"Abdulsalam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519859145","article-title":"Emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress in dental students","volume":"47","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e206","article-title":"Burnout, depression and suicidal ideation in dental students","volume":"19","author":"Polo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Li, C., Wang, J., Cai, Q., Wang, H., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Mei, F., Xiao, L., and Jian, R. (2017). Modified task-based learning program promotes problem-solving capacity among Chinese medical postgraduates: A mixed quantitative survey. BMC Med. Educ., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-017-0994-0"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2013.77.1.tb05446.x","article-title":"Current undergraduate and postgraduate dental education in China","volume":"77","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooke, T., Brown, M., Orr, R., and Gough, S. (2020). Stress and burnout: Exploring postgraduate physiotherapy students\u2019 experiences and coping strategies. BMC Med. Educ., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02360-6"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.163227","article-title":"The prevalence and consequences of burnout on a group of preclinical dental students","volume":"9","author":"Atalayin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517701034","article-title":"Association between sleep time and depression: A cross-sectional study from countries in rural Northeastern China","volume":"45","author":"Mohan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20190056","article-title":"Sleep extension reduces fatigue in healthy, normally-sleeping young adults","volume":"12","author":"Mantua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16890","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016890","article-title":"Survey of job burnout and depression in standardized residency training programs in China","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-017-0626-7","article-title":"Effects of gaps in priorities between ideal and real lives on psychological burnout among academic faculty members at a medical university in Japan: A cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Chatani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2016-0019","article-title":"Burnout and depressive symptoms in intensive care nurses: Relationship analysis","volume":"71","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Heijster, H., van Berkel, J., Boot, C.R.L., Abma, T., and de Vet, E. (2022). Stakeholder dialogue on dilemmas at work as a workplace health promotion intervention including employees with a low SEP: A Responsive Evaluation. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12802-z"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v26i2.3","article-title":"Burnout Status at Work among Health Care Professionals in a Tertiary Hospital","volume":"26","author":"Biksegn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12459","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of Australian dentistry students","volume":"23","author":"Stormon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12763","article-title":"Depression and suicidal ideation among dental students of Southern Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study","volume":"85","author":"Almoammar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62624-0","article-title":"A gloomy future for medical students in China","volume":"382","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590802158385","article-title":"Japanese dental trainees\u2019 perceptions of educational environment in postgraduate training","volume":"30","author":"Taguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2019.1578772","article-title":"Insomnia Disorder and Behaviorally Induced Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: Prevalence and Relationship to Depression in College Students","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0389-9","article-title":"The link between suicide and insomnia: Theoretical mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"McCall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00469-9","article-title":"Burnout in nursing: A theoretical review","volume":"18","author":"Ball","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Health"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5be5.8131","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, burnout, and declining medical career interest among undergraduate pre-medical students","volume":"9","author":"Grace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/2452-2473.285017","article-title":"Trends in medical students\u2019 career choice of emergency medicine: A 14-year study","volume":"20","author":"Bildik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-4374-26-2","article-title":"The Association between Long Working Hours and Self-Rated Health","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22229","article-title":"Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?","volume":"72","author":"Schonfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.7.873","article-title":"Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression","volume":"30","author":"Neckelmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1178","article-title":"Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice","volume":"83","author":"Schwartz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.3.tb03392.x","article-title":"Perceived sources of stress among dental students at the University of Jordan","volume":"65","author":"Rajab","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqz004","article-title":"Emotion regulation and burnout in doctors: A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Grime","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16042\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:45Z","timestamp":1760146245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192316042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}}}