{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:30:40Z","timestamp":1787063440142,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council, Discovery Early Career Researcher Aw","award":["DE210101107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE210101107"]}]},{"name":"ECR Award Victoria University","award":["DE210101107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE210101107"]}]},{"name":"Early Career Researcher Grant, Institute for Health and Sport","award":["DE210101107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE210101107"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence suggests that gamers can have varying experiences of disordered gaming behaviours due to coping mechanisms and how they can act as risk or protective factor in the development and\/or maintenance of disordered behaviours. A particular area of interest is how this may manifest across different countries. Understanding the interplay of these potential risk and protective factors within different countries will aid identifying and preventing disordered behaviours. Methods: Three cohorts were recruited from Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Each cohort was required to complete a battery of psychometric scales exploring problematic behaviours, problematic substance use, co-occurrence, coping styles, and personality. A latent profile analysis was conducted to examine the differences between cohorts and further investigated with additional analyses. Results: The findings suggested that a minority of gamers were affected by gaming disorder, and there appeared an at-risk cohort who utilise gaming as a maladaptive coping strategy. Other accompanying potentially addictive behaviour or substance use may be exacerbated as a result, the manifestation of which can be influenced by cultural elements. Conclusions: When considering gamers from countries which hold similar views, it is important to be cognisant of the variations found in the manifestations of disordered gaming and accompanying potentially addictive behaviours. This will allow for a more precise identification of at-risk behaviours, which will result in more favourable treatment outcomes for those who are considered at-risk or high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T03:32:25Z","timestamp":1669865545000},"page":"16078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Co-Occurrence of Gaming Disorder and Other Potentially Addictive Behaviours between Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tyrone L.","family":"Burleigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Sumich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Stavropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Biomedicine & Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Kannis-Dymand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria J.","family":"Kuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WePC (2021, July 15). 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