{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:24:51Z","timestamp":1784780691940,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Software AG Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence suggests that Post\/Long-COVID (PLC) is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life, however little knowledge exists on the risk factors that contribute to PLC. The objective of this prospective real-world data study was to evaluate factors associated with PLC using national online survey data. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were performed using the software R. Between 14 April and 15 June 2021, 99 registered individuals reported to have suffered from PLC symptoms and the most common PLC symptoms reported were fatigue, dyspnoea, decreased strength, hyposmia, and memory loss. The odds of individuals suffering from COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, or heart palpitations developing PLC were eight times (OR 8.28, 95% CI 1.43\u201347.85, p &lt; 0.01), five times (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.59\u201314.12, p &lt; 0.005), or three times (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.72\u20133.99, p &lt; 0.01) higher, respectively, than of those who had not experienced these symptoms. Individuals who experienced fatigue while having COVID-19 were seven times more likely to develop PLC fatigue than those who had not (OR 6.52, 95% CI: 4.29\u20139.91, p &lt; 0.0001). Our findings revealed that 13% of the individuals who had previously suffered from COVID-19 subsequently reported having PLC. Furthermore, COVID-19-associated anxiety, hyposmia, heart palpitations, and fatigue were, among others, significant determinants for the development of PLC symptoms. Hyposmia has not previously been reported as an independent predictive factor for PLC. We suggest closely monitoring patients with COVID-19-induced fatigue, heart palpitations, and anxiety, as these symptoms may be predictors of PLC symptoms, including fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T03:00:36Z","timestamp":1669950036000},"page":"16124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Factors Associated with Self-Reported Post\/Long-COVID\u2014A Real-World Data Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Thronicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Havelh\u00f6he, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Hinse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Havelh\u00f6he, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Weinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Havelh\u00f6he, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care and Cardiology, Hospital Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Grieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Hospital Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute Havelh\u00f6he, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Medical Clinic for Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e14357","article-title":"Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Martimbianco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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