{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:59:38Z","timestamp":1793321978290,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Studies show that women have better survival rates than men despite higher hospitalizations. However, little is known about differences in mortality and predictors of death in women and men with HF with preserved (HFpEF), mildly reduced (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: From February 2017 to September 2020, mortality and predictors of death were analyzed in women and men with HF. Baseline data included clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings. Results: A total of 11,282 patients, 63.9 \u00b1 14.4 years, including 6256 (55.4%) males, were studied. Females were older, had a higher baseline mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and lower left ventricular diastolic diameter. During follow-ups, 1375 (22%) men and 925 (18.4%) women died. Cumulative incidence of death was higher in men with HFrEF but similar for HFmrEF and HFpEF. Cox regression for death showed renal dysfunction, stroke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, age, LVEF, valve disease, MI, and hypertensive CMP as independent death predictors for all HF patients. Conclusions: Women had a better prognosis than men in HFrEF and similar mortality for HFmrEF and HFpEF, but sex was not an independent predictor of death for all HF subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:13:12Z","timestamp":1670206392000},"page":"16171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sex Differences in Heart Failure Mortality with Preserved, Mildly Reduced and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Large-Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio de Padua","family":"Mansur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Prevencao, Cardiopatia na Mulher e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Henrique","family":"Del Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Dia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2962-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Henrique Ferreira","family":"Gon\u00e7alinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Prevencao, Cardiopatia na Mulher e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange Desir\u00e9e","family":"Avakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Cl\u00ednica de Valvopatias, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4677-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Carrara","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Maria","family":"Ianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Cl\u00ednica de Miocardiopatias e Doen\u00e7as da Aorta, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Cl\u00ednica de Miocardiopatias e Doen\u00e7as da Aorta, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Antonio Machado","family":"C\u00e9sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Clinica de Coronariopatias Cronicas, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edimar Alcides","family":"Bocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Clinica de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos","family":"Pereira-Barretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Prevencao, Cardiopatia na Mulher e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese, G., Becher, P.M., Lund, L.H., Seferovic, P., Rosano, G.M.C., and Coats, A. 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Fail."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16171\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1760146395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/23\/16171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192316171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316171","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]}}}