{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:15:07Z","timestamp":1793412907210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASIA-110-CMUH-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASIA-110-CMUH-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite known association of internet addiction with a reduced brain volume and abnormal connectivity, the impact of excessive smartphone use remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2022 using appropriate keywords for observational studies comparing differences in brain volumes and activations between excessive smartphone users and individuals with regular use by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Of the 11 eligible studies retrieved from 6993 articles initially screened, seven and six evaluated brain volumes and activations, respectively. The former enrolled 421 participants (165 excessive smartphone users vs. 256 controls), while the latter recruited 276 subjects with 139 excessive smartphone users. The results demonstrated a smaller brain volume in excessive smartphone users compared to the controls (g = \u22120.55, p &lt; 0.001), especially in subcortical regions (p &lt; 0.001). Besides, the impact was more pronounced in adolescents than in adults (p &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between impulsivity and volume reduction. Regarding altered activations, the convergences of foci in the declive of the posterior lobe of cerebellum, the lingual gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus were noted. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a potential association of excessive smartphone use with a reduced brain volume and altered activations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1670238130000},"page":"16277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hsiu-Man","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Tzu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Tsen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Shen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ru","family":"Sue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Mei","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheuk-Kwan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin-Yang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, November 05). 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