{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:42:50Z","timestamp":1764740570705,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC1000100","2018YFE0106900","81872582","81872583","M-0420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1000100","2018YFE0106900","81872582","81872583","M-0420"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2016YFC1000100","2018YFE0106900","81872582","81872583","M-0420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1000100","2018YFE0106900","81872582","81872583","M-0420"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study was to assess the association between pet ownership and threatened abortion (TA) in pregnant Chinese women. Materials and Methods: We enrolled pregnant women from 18 provinces and autonomous regions across China between November 2017 and December 2020. Participants were grouped based on the presence or absence of pet ownership. Pet owners were further sub-grouped based on the presence or absence of close contact with their pets. Pet species included cats, dogs, and both. Generalised linear mixed models, with province as a random effect, were used to estimate the associations between pet ownership and TA. Results: Pet ownership, whether or not one had close contact with pets, was associated with greater odds of TA (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.40). Keeping pet cats (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.40), dogs (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.41), or both cats and dogs (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.68) during pregnancy were all risk factors for TA. We observed significant group differences (p for difference &lt; 0.05) in pre-pregnancy body mass index, education levels, and annual household income. Conclusions: Cat or dog ownership during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of TA, especially among overweight, less educated, or lower-income participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T02:18:48Z","timestamp":1670379528000},"page":"16374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between Pet Ownership and Threatened Abortion in Pregnant Women: The China Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunjiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0028-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengmin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rienna","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenghong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS) 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