{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:54Z","timestamp":1792789494755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund, INTERREG V-A Program Austria-Bavaria 2014\u20132020","award":["AB296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AB296"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Borg\u2019s rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale is a simple, but subjective tool to grade physical strain during exercise. As a result, it is widely used for the prescription of exercise intensity, especially for cardiovascular disease prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare relationships between BRPE and physiological measures of exercise intensity during uphill walking indoors and outdoors. Methods: 134 healthy participants [median age: 56 years (IQR 52\u201363)] completed a maximal graded walking test indoors on a treadmill using the modified Bruce protocol, and a submaximal 1 km outdoor uphill cardio-trekking test (1 km CTT). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (V\u0307O2) were continuously measured throughout both tests. BRPE was simultaneously assessed at the end of each increment on the treadmill, while the maximal BRPE value was noted at the end of the 1 km CTT. Results: On the treadmill, BRPE correlated very high with relative HR (%HRmax) (\u03c1 = 0.88, p &lt; 0.001) and V\u0307O2 (%V\u0307O2max) (\u03c1 = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). During the 1 km CTT, a small correlation between BRPE and %HRmax (\u03c1 = 0.24, p &lt; 0.05), respectively %V\u0307O2max was found (\u03c1 = 0.24, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Criterion validity of BRPE during uphill walking depends on the environment and is higher during a treadmill test compared to a natural environment. Adding sensor-based, objective exercise-intensity parameters such as HR holds promise to improve intensity prescription and health safety during uphill walking in a natural environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T02:15:33Z","timestamp":1670811333000},"page":"16662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of Exercise Intensity for Uphill Walking in Healthy Adults Performed Indoors and Outdoors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9306-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Eisenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2835-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Venek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9524 Villach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2773-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Kranzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Menzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sareban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renate","family":"Oberhoffer-Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Niebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7472-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829b5b44","article-title":"Exercise Standards for Testing and Training","volume":"128","author":"Fletcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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