{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:51:57Z","timestamp":1762080717451,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the real-time acquisition of big data from the Internet, analysis of Google queries is now recognized as a valuable tool to explore and predict human behavior and interests. It was suggested that online data can be correlated with actual health data. Although the data are not structured nor systematic, the huge data from search engines can easily identify trends concerning diseases and other health concepts from a population perspective. Moreover, Internet data with the use of web search advertising nowadays may not only reveal the interest of the general population but also of the healthcare industry as reflected by the bid prices in search terms for medications. We aimed to compare the interests of the general population using monthly search volumes from Google and the healthcare industry using bid prices in web searches. Data used in this study were obtained from the Google Ads Application Programming Interface (API). This study evaluated the population\u2019s interest in neurological disorders by using search volumes related to neurology, either disease diagnosis or medications. Bid values generated in API were used as a proxy for the interests of the healthcare industry. Spearman\u2019s rank-order correlation was performed between search volumes and bid prices to determine significance. Among the neurologic diseases listed, the most searched were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The most commonly searched drugs were oral antihypertensives (amlodipine, losartan, carvedilol), lipid-lowering agents (atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin), and antiplatelets (acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel). The other most searched drugs were analgesics such as acetaminophen, tramadol, diclofenac, and morphine. The correlational analysis did not reveal a statistically significant correlation between search volume and bid price for both neurologic diseases and medications. Web searches may reflect the interest of the general population and the healthcare industry. However, there was disagreement in the search interests of the general population and the scientific community, including the pharmaceutical industry. Further studies are necessary in order to align these interests for the common benefit of all stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T01:52:34Z","timestamp":1670982754000},"page":"16736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden of Neurological Diseases in the Philippines as Revealed by Web Searches: An Infodemiological Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0875-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anisah Hayaminnah D.","family":"Alonto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almira Doreen Abigail O.","family":"Apor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland Dominic G.","family":"Jamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30411-9","article-title":"The global burden of neurological disorders: Translating evidence into policy","volume":"19","author":"Feigin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ATMP97","DOI":"10.1161\/str.53.suppl_1.TMP97","article-title":"The burden of neurological diseases in Asia: An analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"53","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2019_396","article-title":"The internet as a source of health information and services","volume":"1211","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_319_18","article-title":"Assessment of internet usage for health-related information among clients utilizing primary health care services","volume":"22","author":"Bilgin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bujnowska-Fedak, M.M. (2015). Trends in the use of the Internet for health purposes in Poland. BMC Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1473-3"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13439","DOI":"10.2196\/13439","article-title":"Google trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: Methodology framework","volume":"5","author":"Mavragani","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveil."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"244","article-title":"Infodemiology: Tracking flu-related searches on the web for syndromic surveillance","volume":"2006","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05902-6","article-title":"Low online search interest in teleneurology before and during COVID-19 pandemic: An infodemiological study","volume":"43","author":"Alonto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108377","article-title":"Patterns of Google search behavior for epilepsy and seizures in the Philippines: An infodemiological study","volume":"125","author":"Moalong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000520692","article-title":"Googling Alzheimer disease: An infodemiological and ecological study","volume":"11","author":"Piamonte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. Extra"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108730","article-title":"Infodemiology of autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune seizures, and autoimmune epilepsy: An analysis of online search behavior using Google Trends","volume":"132","author":"Roberto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04049-4","article-title":"The association of online search interest with polio cases and vaccine coverage: An infodemiological and ecological study","volume":"180","author":"Layug","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez, J.A.L.S., Espiritu, A.I., and Jamora, R.D.G. (2021). Google search behavior for meningitis and its vaccines: An infodemiological study. BMC Neurol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02258-w"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855534","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.855534","article-title":"Brain tumor infodemiology: Worldwide online health-seeking behavior using Google Trends and Wikipedia Pageviews","volume":"12","author":"Mondia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0178019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178019","article-title":"Burden of neurological diseases in the US revealed by web searches","volume":"12","author":"Sangal","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2022, September 04). Digital Marketing for Asia. The Most Popular Search Engines across APAC. Available online: https:\/\/www.digitalmarketingforasia.com\/the-most-popular-search-engines-across-apac\/."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"83","article-title":"Epilepsy in Philippine language and dialects","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. Asia"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Schumacher, S., and Kent, N. (2022, September 04). 8 Charts on Internet Use around the World as Countries Grapple with COVID-19. Available online: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/04\/02\/8-charts-on-internet-use-around-the-world-as-countries-grapple-with-covid-19\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeung, A., Ng, E., and Abi-Jaoude, E. TikTok and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional study of social media content quality. Can. J. Psychiatry, 2022.","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221082854"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28800","article-title":"Pandemic tic-like behaviors following social media consumption","volume":"36","author":"Paulus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107491","article-title":"Treatment gaps and challenges in epilepsy care in the Philippines","volume":"115","author":"Moalong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apor, A.D.A.O., and Jamora, R.D.G. (2022). Research productivity among Filipino neurologists associated with socioeconomic, healthcare, and disease burden factors: A bibliometric analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.43247"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Department of Health (2022, September 03). Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Available online: https:\/\/doh.gov.ph\/lifestyle-related-diseases."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102510","article-title":"The current status and challenges in multiple sclerosis management in the Philippines","volume":"46","author":"Ignacio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2017-0014","article-title":"Treatment gaps in Parkinson\u2019s disease care in the Philippines","volume":"7","author":"Jamora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13445","DOI":"10.2196\/13445","article-title":"The use of artificially intelligent self-diagnosing digital platforms by the general public: Scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Aboueid","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/24\/16736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:35Z","timestamp":1760146835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/24\/16736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph192416736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192416736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}}}