{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:11:19Z","timestamp":1791133879675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to evaluate the midline mandibular lingual canals and foramina and their anatomic variations using CBCT scans. Methods: This study used retrospective analysis. A total of 320 CBCT scans were used to evaluate the study parameters, which comprised the presence or absence of the mandibular lingual foramen (MLF)\/mandibular lingual canal (MLC) and its category, the distance between the buccal cortex and the start of the MLC, the distance between the inferior border of the mandible and the superior border of the foramen at its lingual and buccal terminals. The length and diameter of each canal at its lingual and buccal terminals. Results: MLC was found in all included CBCT scans. Out of 320 included CBCT scans, a single canal was represented by 30.9%, double canals (Supra with Infra -spinosum) configuration appeared in 54.7%, and triple canals (Supra-Inter-Infra) represented 14.7%. The supraspinosum canals averaged 5.81 \u00b1 2.08 mm in length and 0.87 \u00b1 0.30 mm in diameter at the lingual terminal. In terms of the number of canals, there was a significant difference between men and women (p \u2264 0.001), with 60% of the men in the sample having double canals and 43.1% of the women having single canals. Moreover, the male gender had a higher prevalence of triple canals (21.3% vs. 8.1%) than females. Males and females were distributed equally among the supraspinosum canals, with no statistically significant difference (p \u2264 0.7). A considerable increase in the finding of interspinosum and infraspinosum canals was seen in the male sample (p \u2264 0.001). Conclusions: midline mandibular canals were found in all investigated CBCTs of the sample of both sexes; however, the anatomy and location of the MLF and canals varied significantly among the Saudi population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T02:54:02Z","timestamp":1671159242000},"page":"16910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Morphometric Analysis of the Midline Mandibular Lingual Canal and Mandibular Lingual Foramina: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6536-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Yaseen","family":"Alqutaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics, and Dental Implant Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muath Saad","family":"Alassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadia A.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmajeed Saud","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulsamad Talaat","family":"Habeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan Ahmad","family":"Alqurashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Ahmed","family":"Albulushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Omar","family":"Elboraey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"},{"name":"Periodontology Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-2935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Alsultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab Ismail","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.03.020","article-title":"Floor of Mouth Haemorrhage and Life-Threatening Airway Obstruction during Immediate Implant Placement in the Anterior Mandible","volume":"35","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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