{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:07:38Z","timestamp":1783577258596,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal","award":["734584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734584"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of Senegal","award":["734584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734584"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["734584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue virus (DENV) was detected in Senegal in 1979 for the first time. Since 2017, unprecedented frequent outbreaks of DENV were noticed yearly. In this context, epidemiological and molecular evolution data are paramount to decipher the virus diffusion route. In the current study, we focused on a dengue outbreak which occurred in Senegal in 2018 in the context of a large religious gathering with 263 confirmed DENV cases out of 832 collected samples, including 25 life-threatening cases and 2 deaths. It was characterized by a co-circulation of dengue serotypes 1 and 3. Phylogenetic analysis based on the E gene revealed that the main detected serotype in Touba was DENV-3 and belonged to Genotype III. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis was performed and suggested one viral introduction around 2017.07 (95% HPD = 2016.61\u20132017.57) followed by cryptic circulation before the identification of the first case on 1 October 2018. DENV-3 strains are phylogenetically related, with strong phylogenetic links between strains retrieved from Burkina Faso and other West African countries. These phylogenetic data substantiate epidemiological data of the origin of DENV-3 and its spread between African countries and subsequent diffusion after religious mass events. The study also highlighted the usefulness of a mobile laboratory during the outbreak response, allowing rapid diagnosis and resulting in improved patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1671162939000},"page":"16912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Re-Emergence of Dengue Serotype 3 in the Context of a Large Religious Gathering Event in Touba, Senegal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8584-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idrissa","family":"Dieng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Aliou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubacry","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndongo","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Henriette Dior","family":"Ndione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amary","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatoumata Diene","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oumar","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Dieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 16504, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boly","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 16504, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh Tidiane","family":"Diagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 16504, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamou","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mback\u00e9","family":"Sylla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dakar 16504, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh","family":"Loucoubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oumar","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou 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