{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:33:35Z","timestamp":1791506015161,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Functional limitations after a stroke are unique to each person and often include impaired independent mobility. A reduction in existing gait deficits after a stroke is often one of the main goals of rehabilitation. Gait re-education after stroke is a complex process, which consists of the effects of many therapeutic interventions. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the effects of using a treadmill with visual feedback in gait re-education in the sub-acute stroke period and assess the impact of biofeedback treadmill training on selected gait parameters, improving static balance and reducing the need for orthopedic aids. Methods: The study included 92 patients (F: 45, M: 47) aged 63 \u00b1 12 years, with post-ischemic sub-acute (within six months onset) stroke hemiparesis, treated at a neurological rehabilitation ward. All patients participated in a specific rehabilitation program, and in addition, patients in the study group (n = 62) have a further 10 min of treadmill training with visual feedback. Patients in the control group (n = 30) participated in additional conventional gait training under the direct supervision of a physiotherapist. The evaluation of static balance was assessed with the Romberg Test. A Biodex Gait Trainer 3 treadmill with biofeedback function was used to evaluate selected gait parameters (walking speed, step length, % limb loading, and traveled distance). The use of an orthopedic aid (walker or a crutch) was noted. Results: After four weeks of rehabilitation, step length, walking speed, traveled distance, and static balance were significantly improved for the study and control group (p &lt; 0.05). Treadmill gait training yielded significantly better results than a conventional rehabilitation program. Only the study group observed a corrected walking base (p &lt; 0.001). All participants showed a reduction in the use of walking aids (p = 0.006). There was no asymmetry in the % of limb loading for either group prior to or following rehabilitation. Conclusions: The treadmill with visual biofeedback as conventional gait training has resulted in a significant improvement in parameters such as step length, walking speed, static balance, and a reduction in the use of locomotion aids. However, the achieved improvement in gait parameters is still not in line with the physiological norm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T04:30:00Z","timestamp":1671165000000},"page":"16925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of Treadmill Training with Visual Biofeedback on Selected Gait Parameters in Subacute Hemiparetic Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic for Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Str., No 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ware\u0144czak-Pawlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic for Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Str., No 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Miedzyblocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic for Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Str., No 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Lisi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic for Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Str., No 135\/147, 60-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.05.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal gait characteristic changes with gait training using the hybrid assistive limb for chronic stroke patients","volume":"71","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307300523","article-title":"Rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait more than NDT\/Bobath training in near-ambulatory patients early poststroke: A single-blind, randomized trial","volume":"21","author":"Thaut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. 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