{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:55:10Z","timestamp":1784944510429,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre of Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/04\/X\/NZ5\/00354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/04\/X\/NZ5\/00354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital\u2014Research institute","award":["2020\/04\/X\/NZ5\/00354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/04\/X\/NZ5\/00354"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An assessment of the risk of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (GO) is an important challenge in Graves\u2019 disease (GD) management. The purpose of this study was to compare non-genetic parameters in GD patients with and without GO in order to find novel risk factors and to verify the factors already reported. A total number of 161 people, 70 with GO and 91 non-GO patients were included in this study. GO was confirmed to be associated with smoking, older age, higher TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) and lower thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels and hypercholesterolemia. We demonstrated the latter correlation even for only a mild increase in LDL cholesterol. Importantly, our study provides novel potential GO risk factors, including higher serum creatinine levels, higher MCV and lower PLT. If further confirmed, these new, simple and easily accessible potential GO markers may constitute valuable auxiliary markers in GO risk assessments. We additionally proved that in moderate to severe GO, gender-related differences attenuate. No impact of vitamin D deficiency in GO development in patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &gt; 20 ng\/mL was found. The present report provides a set of GO risk factors, which can be used as a precise tool for an individual GO risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Novel Insight into Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zawadzka-Starczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Stasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 215 Wolczanska St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5901-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wojciechowska-Durczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8748-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Lewi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2910-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Stasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial-Hospital Research Institute, 281\/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0229","article-title":"2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa646","article-title":"Management of graves thyroidal and extrathyroidal disease: An update","volume":"105","author":"Kahaly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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