{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:16:38Z","timestamp":1785417398848,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is widely accepted there is the existence of negativity bias, a greater sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli compared with positive ones, but its effect on decision-making would depend on the context. In risky decisions, negativity bias could lead to non-rational choices by increasing loss aversion; yet in ambiguous decisions, it could favor reinforcement-learning and better decisions by increasing sensitivity to punishments. Nevertheless, these hypotheses have not been tested to date. Our aim was to fill this gap. Sixty-nine participants rated ambiguous emotional faces (from the NimStim set) as positive or negative to assess negativity bias. The implicit level of the bias was also obtained by tracking the mouse\u2019s trajectories when rating faces. Then, they performed both a risky and an ambiguous decision-making task. Participants displayed negativity bias, but only at the implicit level. In addition, this bias was associated with loss aversion in risky decisions, and with greater performance through the ambiguous decisional task. These results highlight the need to contextualize biases, rather than draw general conclusions about whether they are inherently good or bad.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192417037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:55:43Z","timestamp":1671429343000},"page":"17037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Implicit Negativity Bias Leads to Greater Loss Aversion and Learning during Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0211-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Molins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01654","article-title":"Review: The role of emotional valence for the processing of facial and verbal stimuli\u2014Positivity or negativity bias?","volume":"10","author":"Kauschke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01700.x","article-title":"The impact of emotion on perception: Bias or enhanced processing?","volume":"17","author":"Zeelenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. 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