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We investigated the effects of recreational swimming on cardiometabolic risk in children\/adolescents with normal and excess weight. Participants (n = 49, 26 girls, 10.3 \u00b1 1.8 y) were grouped as \u2018eutrophic swimming\u2019 (EU-Swim, n = 14); \u2018excess weight swimming\u2019 (EW-Swim, n = 20) with an \u2018obese swimming\u2019 subgroup (OB-Swim, n = 10); and \u2018excess weight sedentary\u2019 (EW-Sed, n = 15) with an \u2018obese sedentary\u2019 subgroup (OB-Sed, n = 11). Swimming (50 min, twice\/week, moderate-vigorous intensity) was an extra activity during the school year (6 + 3 months with a 3-month school break). Nutritional status, blood pressure (BP), physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemical variables, autonomic modulation, endothelial function, abdominal fat, and carotid thickness were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Greater improvements (p &lt; 0.05) occurred in EW-Swim vs. EW-Sed in body mass index (z-BMI, \u221216%, d+ 0.52), waist-to-height ratio (W\/H, \u22128%, d+ 0.59\u20130.79), physical activity (37\u201353%, d+ 1.8\u20132.2), cardiorespiratory fitness (30\u201340%, d+ 0.94\u20131.41), systolic BP (SBP, \u22126\u20138%, d+ 0.88\u20131.17), diastolic BP (DBP, \u22129\u201310%, d+ 0.70\u20130.85), leptin (\u221214\u201318%, d+ 0.29\u20130.41), forearm blood flow (FBF, 26\u201341%, d+ 0.53\u20130.64), subcutaneous fat (SAT, \u22126%, d+ 0.18), and intra-abdominal fat (VAT, \u221216%, d+ 0.63). OB-Swim showed improvements vs. OB-Sed in TNF\u03b1 (\u221217%, d+ 1.15) and adiponectin (22%, d+ 0.40). Swimming improved fitness and cardiometabolic risk in children\/adolescents with overweight\/obesity. (TCTR20220216001)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192417093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:57:28Z","timestamp":1671443848000},"page":"17093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Recreational Swimming Intervention during the Whole School Year Improves Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Jannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Telles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Sicuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre for Environment and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliete","family":"Bouskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Collett-Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Farinatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1481","article-title":"The role of physical activity in pediatric obesity","volume":"58","author":"Lambourne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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