{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:41:52Z","timestamp":1781728912784,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pedagogical University of Krakow"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) syndrome is associated with depression and anxiety. This study aimed to examine for the first time the correlation between personality traits, situational anxiety, and stress in Polish patients with SIBO. Methodology: This study included 26 patients with SIBO aged 20\u201335 years and 24 non-SIBO patients aged 20\u201335 years. The following instruments were used: NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, KPS Sense of Stress Questionnaire, and the anxiety-state subscale from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Compared to the non-SIBO subgroup, SIBO patients expressed specific patterns of personality traits: higher neuroticism, lower extroversion, and a higher state of anxiety and stress. Unlike the non-SIBO subgroup, stress (total emotional tension, external, and intrapsychic) correlated negatively only with extroversion. Conclusions: Personality is the primary regulator of experience and behavior. The specificity captured in the research is a premise for an in-depth study considering various psychological variables to determine cause-effect relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T02:59:06Z","timestamp":1671677946000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Personality, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome. The Polish Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kossewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Education, School Education and Teachers Education, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6160-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Bierlit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Club of Supporting People with Autism, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8369-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Trajkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macedonian Scientific Society for Autism, Institute of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00363","article-title":"Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children: A State-Of-The-Art. Review","volume":"7","author":"Avelar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005","article-title":"Gutbrain axis: How the microbiome influences anxiety and depression","volume":"36","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2017.987","article-title":"Gut microbiota's effect on mental health: The gut-brain axis","volume":"15","author":"Clapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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