{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:34:37Z","timestamp":1788237277089,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The risk of aggression against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a globally well-known topic. However, workplace violence (WV) is often considered as part of HCW\u2019s job, leading to a general underreporting. This cross-sectional study aims at providing a descriptive analysis of aggressive acts against HCWs registered in a 34-month period in a pediatric hospital. According to a specific protocol, each aggressive act was analyzed by a multidisciplinary team using the \u201cModified Overt Aggression Scale\u201d (MOAS), the \u201cGeneral Health Questionnaire-12\u201d (GHQ-12), and the \u201cShort Form-36 Health Survey\u201d (SF-36) to build a report addressing improvement measures. A three-domain model of WV was also developed considering: (1) assaulted HCWs, (2) attacker-related issues, and (3) environmental context. Contributing factors to overt aggression were outlined and tested using univariate analyses. Statistically significant factors were then included in a multiple linear regression model. A total of 82 aggressive acts were registered in the period. MOAS scores registered a mean value of 3.71 (SD: 4.09). Verbal abuse was the most common form of WV. HCWs professional category, minor psychiatric disorder, emotional role limitation, type of containment used, and emotion intensity were significantly associated with overt aggression (p &lt; 0.05), as well as the attacker\u2019s role in the hospital (p &lt; 0.05). The multiple regression analysis confirmed these findings (p &lt; 0.001). Raising awareness on the aggression risk and contributing factors may lead to a relevant improvement of workplace environment, individual workers\u2019 health, and organizational well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1671765985000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Management of Workplace Violence against Healthcare Workers: A Multidisciplinary Team for Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach in a Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reparata Rosa","family":"Di Prinzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alta Scuola di Economia e Management dei Sistemi Sanitari (ALTEMS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2421-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Bondanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"De Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Camisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapaola","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Raponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7481-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guendalina","family":"Dalmasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8858-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Zaffina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Medicine Function Unit, Health Directorate, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1322-7696(08)60453-9","article-title":"Who cares for nurses? 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