{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:54:00Z","timestamp":1789268040745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shoulder pain (SP) is a common clinical complaint among wheelchair basketball (WB) players, since their shoulders are exposed to intense overload and overhead movements. The supraspinatus tendon is the most exposed to WB-related injuries and it is primarily responsible for SP in WB athletes. In these cases, SP rehabilitation remains the main treatment, but there is still a lack of specific protocols which should be customized to WB players\u2019 peculiarities and to the supraspinatus muscle activity monitor, and the improvement of rehabilitation outcomes is slow. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if the improvement of supraspinatus muscle activity, monitored in real time with surface electromyography (sEMG) during the execution of therapeutic exercises, could speed up SP rehabilitation outcomes in WB players. Thirty-three athletes were enrolled. They were divided into two groups. Both groups underwent the same shoulder rehabilitation program, but only the Exercise Plus sEMG Biofeedback Group executed therapeutic exercises while the activity of the supraspinatus muscles was monitored using sEMG. Participants were evaluated at enrollment (T0), at the end of 4 weeks of the rehabilitation program (T1), and 8 weeks after T1 (T2), using the following outcome measures: supraspinatus muscle activity as root mean square (RMS), Wheelchair User\u2019s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), shoulder abduction, and external rotation range of motion (ROM). The Exercise Plus sEMG Biofeedback Group improved more and faster for all the outcomes compared to the Exercise Group. The monitoring and improvement of supraspinatus muscle activity seems to be an effective way to speed up SP rehabilitation outcomes in WB players, since it makes the performance of therapeutic exercise more precise and finalized, obtaining better and faster results in terms of recovery of shoulder function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T03:05:56Z","timestamp":1672110356000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Could the Improvement of Supraspinatus Muscle Activity Speed up Shoulder Pain Rehabilitation Outcomes in Wheelchair Basketball Players?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9953-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Far\u00ec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8486-103X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Megna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3162-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Far\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Unit of Territorial Psychology, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, 40123 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4239-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Tognolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Padua University, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2955-0498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Bonavolont\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila Vetoio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Institute of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4996-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Machado","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20210896","article-title":"Wheelchair basketball improves the treatment of urinary tract infection in people with motor disabilities: A clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. 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