{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:19:13Z","timestamp":1792293553818,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#2016\/11087-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016\/11087-8"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#2018\/18391-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/18391-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#2017\/25424-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2017\/25424-9"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["#314637\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#314637\/2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#2016\/11087-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016\/11087-8"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#2018\/18391-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/18391-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#2017\/25424-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2017\/25424-9"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#314637\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#314637\/2021-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Costume cosmetics, such as face paints and pancakes, are used by adults and children during Halloween, Carnival, or children\u2019s parties. However, the metallic-based pigments used as dyes in these products may contain toxic elements associated with different levels of exposure. Objectives: (a) to determine the Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Sr concentrations in face paints and pancakes; and (b) to estimate cancer and non-cancer risks posed by the concentrations of each element in these products for dermal and ingestion exposure scenarios during children and adult use. (2) Methods: A total of 95 samples of face paints and pancakes (four brands in different textures and colors) were purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in S\u00e3o Paulo city, Brazil. An extraction procedure with nitric acid was carried out using a graphite-covered digester block. Toxic element determinations were performed using an ICP-MS. (3) Results: The non-cancer risks estimated were lower than 1, except for dermal exposure in adults for some target systems. High cancer risk values raise concerns in both groups. The risk for children ranged from 10\u22128 to 10\u22125 and proved higher in cases of accidental exposure by ingestion. For occupational exposure in adults, cancer risks were even higher, ranging from 10\u22123 to 10\u22125, with the highest values associated with dermal exposure. (4) Conclusions: The study results suggest the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in cosmetics should be regulated\/monitored to protect human health, especially for occupational exposure and use by children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:56:50Z","timestamp":1672282610000},"page":"531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Junqueira","family":"Salles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Pollo","family":"Paniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo Andr\u00e9 9210-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Lemos","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo Andr\u00e9 9210-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide Cassia","family":"Nardocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4257-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly Polido Kaneshiro","family":"Olympio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.05.005","article-title":"Metals in cosmetics: An a posteriori safety evaluation","volume":"69","author":"Marinovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. 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