{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:33:32Z","timestamp":1791754412005,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Few previous studies have analyzed the effects of certain specific static and dynamic warm-up components on recreational sports players with a previous hamstring injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze changes in some modifiable and external risk factors after (immediately and in a follow-up assessment after 10 min) a static or dynamic warm-up program on recreational sports players with a previous hamstring injury. Methods: A total of 62 participants were randomized into 2 groups: static warm-up (SW) (n = 31) or dynamic warm-up (DW) (n = 31). Range of movement (RoM), perceived pain, the pressure\u2013pain threshold, and joint position sense were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 10 min afterwards. The intervention for the SW (hot pack procedures in both hamstring muscles) lasted 20 min. The DW intervention consisted of a running exercise performed on a treadmill for 10 min. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant changes (p \u2264 0.05) in the primary outcomes (perceived pain and the pressure\u2013pain threshold) at the three measurement times (this was also true for RoM for the SW group, with statistically significant differences only between times from the baseline to the 10-min follow-up; p \u2264 0.05, d = 0.23). The intra-group secondary outcome showed no statistically significant changes (p &gt; 0.05) in both groups (except for the period from the baseline\u2013immediately after in the DW group; p \u2264 0.05, d = 0.53). The comparison between groups showed no statistically significant differences for any of the variables analyzed. (p \u2265 0.05). Conclusion: The present findings suggest that both specific warm-up modalities seem to positively influence perceived pain on stretching and the pressure threshold; however, the significant reduction in the joint repositioning error and the larger effect sizes observed in the DW group suggest that this method has a greater beneficial impact in recreational sports players with clinical histories of hamstring injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:17:38Z","timestamp":1672633058000},"page":"744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Clinical Benefits of a Dynamic vs. Static Component as Part of a Comprehensive Warm-Up for Recreational Sports Players with Clinical Histories of Hamstring Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Gutierrez-Coronado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gasc\u00f3 Oliag Street, 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cardero-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-0634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Albornoz-Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, C\/Avicena, 6, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Toledo-Marhuenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Surgery (Area of Physiotherapy), Medicine Faculty, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Ctra Alicante-Valencia Km 8,7\u2014N 332, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9068-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Surgery (Area of Physiotherapy), Medicine Faculty, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Ctra Alicante-Valencia Km 8,7\u2014N 332, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirios","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gasc\u00f3 Oliag Street, 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-Speciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Marques-Sule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gasc\u00f3 Oliag Street, 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Morral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Carrer de Claravall, 1, 3, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Espejo-Ant\u00fanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas, s\/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"YC05","article-title":"Effect of Passive, Active and Combined Warm up on Lower Limb Muscle Performance and Dynamic Stability in Recreational Sports Players","volume":"11","author":"Gogte","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Physiological responses to warm-up","volume":"14","author":"Hedrick","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan, K., Murray, E., and Sainsbury, D. (2009). The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-37"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.06.001","article-title":"Warming-up before sporting activity improves knee position sense","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phy. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayala, F., Calderon-Lopez, A., Delgado-Gos\u00e1lbez, J.C., Parra-Sanchez, S., Pomares-Noguera, C., Hernandez-Sanchez, S., Lopez-Valenciano, A., and Croix, M.D.S. (2017). Acute Effects of Three Neuromuscular Warm-Up Strategies on Several Physical Performance Measures in Football Players. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169660"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042267","article-title":"Clinical benefit of the FIFA 11 programme for the prevention of hamstring and lateral ankle ligament injuries among amateur soccer players","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.992719","article-title":"Mechanisms and efficacy of heat and cold therapies for musculoskeletal injury","volume":"127","author":"Malanga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.7.377","article-title":"Effect of Heat Modalities on Hamstring Length: A Comparison of Pneumatherm, Moist Heat Pack, and a Control","volume":"34","author":"Cosgray","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000733","article-title":"Acute strength training increases responses to stimulation of corticospinal axons","volume":"48","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001539","article-title":"No Effect of Muscle Stretching within a Full, Dynamic Warm-up on Athletic Performance","volume":"50","author":"Blazevich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018549","article-title":"Evidence based prevention of hamstring injuries in sport","volume":"39","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.002352","article-title":"The Football Association Medical Research Programme: An audit of injuries in professional football--analysis of hamstring injuries","volume":"38","author":"Woods","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100513","article-title":"Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises","volume":"21","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3874-3","article-title":"The effects of different durations of static stretching within a comprehensive warm-up on voluntary and evoked contractile properties","volume":"118","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091448","article-title":"Terminology and classification of muscle injuries in sport: The Munich consensus statement","volume":"47","author":"Haensel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0235","article-title":"Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Behm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1675770","article-title":"Neurodynamic sliders promote flexibility in tight hamstring syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Verrelst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rx.2011.03.014","article-title":"Efectos de dos m\u00e9todos de termoterapia sobre la respuesta vascular aguda y par\u00e1metros hemodin\u00e1micos en un grupo de sujetos sanos","volume":"54","author":"Galeano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.10.002","article-title":"Joint-position sense is altered by football pre-participation warm-up exercise and match induced fatigue","volume":"22","author":"Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/63.7.1085","article-title":"Reliability of an active knee extension test","volume":"63","author":"Gajdosik","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000700005","article-title":"Postural assessment software (PAS\/SAPO): Validation and reliabiliy","volume":"65","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00101-3","article-title":"Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures","volume":"83","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1054\/math.1996.0276","article-title":"Pressure algometry in manual therapy","volume":"1","author":"Oostendorp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318154b6ae","article-title":"Interrater reliability of algometry in measuring pressure pain thersholds in healthy humans, using multiple raters","volume":"23","author":"Chesterton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Simons, D.G., Travell, J.C., and Simons, L.S. (1999). Travell and Simons\u2019 Myo- fascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1984.5.4.175","article-title":"Pain Relief at Trigger Points: A Comparison of Moist Heat and Shortwave Diathermy","volume":"5","author":"McCray","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1760","article-title":"Knee Position Sense: Does Time Interval Target Angle Affect Position Accuracy?","volume":"29","author":"Springer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3047","article-title":"Hamstring strain injuries: Recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation and injury prevention","volume":"40","author":"Heiderscheit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274870","article-title":"Post-exercise recovery of contractile function and endurance in humans and mice is accelerated by heating and slowed by cooling skeletal muscle","volume":"595","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.11.003","article-title":"The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Nakano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0294","article-title":"Comparison of muscle temperatura increase produced by moist hot pack and thermoStim Probe","volume":"28","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"285","article-title":"Effects of Moist Heat on Hamstring Flexibility and Muscle Temperature","volume":"17","author":"Sawyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2013.12.003","article-title":"Comparative study of stretching modalities in healthy women: Heating and application time","volume":"19","author":"Rosario","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"123","article-title":"Efficacy of Moist Heat Pack Application Over Static Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility","volume":"15","author":"Funk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20200776","article-title":"The reliability and minimal detectable change of the ely and active knee extension tests","volume":"15","author":"Olivencia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamsi, M., Mirzaei, M., and Khabiri, S. (2019). Universal goniometer and electrogoniometer intra-examiner reliability in measuring the knee range of motion during active knee extension test in patients with chronic low back pain with short hamstring muscle. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-019-0116-x"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3002","article-title":"Mechanosensitivity of the Lower Extremity Nervous System During Straight-Leg Raise Neurodynamic Testing in Healthy Individuals","volume":"39","author":"Boyd","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0203","article-title":"Hamstring Stiffness Returns More Rapidly After Static Stretching Than Range of Motion, Stretch Tolerance, and Isometric Peak Torque","volume":"28","author":"Hatano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-115735","article-title":"Sciatic Nerve Conductivity is impaired by hamstring strain injuries","volume":"38","author":"Kouzaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.01.004","article-title":"Heat and cold therapy reduce pain in patients with delayed onset muscle soreness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny009","article-title":"Test-Retest Reliabilty of Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia After Aerobic Exercise","volume":"19","author":"Vaegter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"777","article-title":"Effects of intermittent versus continuous cold and heat therapy in patients after mandible osteotomy","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daneshjoo, A., Mokhtar, A.H., Rahnama, N., and Yusof, A. (2012). The effects of comprehensive warm up programs on propioception, static and dynamic balance on male soccer players. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051568"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2017.08.014","article-title":"Effect of static and dynamic muscle stretching as part of warm up procedures on knee joint proprioception and strength","volume":"55","author":"Walsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05634-8","article-title":"Exercise, fatigue and proprioception: A retrospective","volume":"237","author":"Proske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/1\/744\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:59Z","timestamp":1760147339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/1\/744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20010744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20010744","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]}}}