{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1791838688629,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and a major cause of disability worldwide. A significant number of stroke survivors suffer from depression, impeding the activities of daily living and rehabilitation. Here, we examined the risk of depression among stroke survivors according to the severity of disabilities and compared its incidence with a matched control group. We included data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service of 207,678 stroke survivors. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the risk of depression among stroke survivors. Stroke survivors had a greater risk of developing depression than the matched control group with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.12 (95% confidence interval 2.09\u20132.15). Stroke survivors with more severe disabilities were associated with a higher risk of depression than those with mild disabilities. The risk of developing depression was prominently high within the first year after a stroke. Males and younger people (&lt;65 years) were independent risk factors for depression in stroke survivors. This study demonstrated an increased risk of developing depression in stroke survivors compared to control subjects, and a higher risk of depression was associated with a more severe degree of disability. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of depression developing in stroke survivors, especially those with disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:56:27Z","timestamp":1672635387000},"page":"842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Increased Risk of Developing Depression in Disability after Stroke: A Korean Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hea Lim","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyojin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bongsung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Hyuk","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soonwook","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4749-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonyoung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Jin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8128-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine\/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2007.22.3.518","article-title":"Measuring the Burden of Disease in Korea","volume":"22","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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