{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:12:54Z","timestamp":1791637974072,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand"},{"name":"UMR CNRS LaPSCo Lab"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myopia is a global public health problem affecting quality of life and work productivity. Data is scarce regarding the effects of near work on myopia. Providing a larger meta-analysis with life-long perspective, including adults and occupational exposure seemed needed. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Science Direct for studies reporting myopia prevalence in near work. Myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent \u2264 \u22120.50 diopter. We performed a meta-analysis using random-effects model on myopia prevalence, myopia progression per year, and odds ratio (OR) of myopia in near work, completed by subgroup analyses and meta-regressions on patients\u2019 characteristics, type of work in adults, geographic zones, time and characteristics of near work. Results: We included 78 studies, representing a total of 254,037 participants, aged from 6 to 39 years. The global prevalence of myopia in near work was 35% (95% CI: 30 to 41%), with a prevalence of 31% (95% CI: 26 to 37%) in children and 46% (95% CI: 30 to 62%) in adults. Myopia progression was \u22120.39 diopters per year (\u22120.53 to \u22120.24 D\/year), ranging from \u22120.44 (\u22120.57 to \u22120.31) in children to \u22120.25 D\/year (\u22120.56 to 0.06) in adults. The odds of myopia in workers exposed vs. non-exposed to near work were increased by 26% (18 to 34%), by 31% (21 to 42%) in children and 21% (6 to 35%) in adults. Prevalence of myopia was higher in adults compared to children (Coefficient 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.27). Conclusions: Near work conditions, including occupational exposure in adults, could be associated with myopia. Targeted prevention should be implemented in the workplace.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T04:28:17Z","timestamp":1672806497000},"page":"875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Myopia and Near Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Dutheil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CNRS, LaPSCo, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharwa","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4051-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Delamarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CNRS, LaPSCo, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Marseille, Hopital Nord\u2014Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Castanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Chiambaretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Physical Education and Health, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ukadike C.","family":"Ugbolue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0881-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Zak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, The Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Lakbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Marseille, Hopital Nord\u2014Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatitics, Clinical Research Direction, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Navel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a","article-title":"The Myopia Boom","volume":"519","author":"Dolgin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.47.1.50","article-title":"Education, Reading, and Familial Tendency as Risk Factors for Myopia in Hong Kong Fishermen","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. 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