{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:40:31Z","timestamp":1791614431161,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"institutional fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/6-077-01\/503-61-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/6-077-01\/503-61-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the relationship between nutritional status, physical activity (PA) level, concomitant chronic diseases, and quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling (CD) older people and nursing home (NH) residents. Material and Methods: One hundred NH residents aged 60 years and above and one hundred sex- and age-matched CD older adults were examined. The QoL was examined with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA), anthropometric measures, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The 7-Day Recall Questionnaire and the Stanford Usual Activity Questionnaire were performed to evaluate the PA energy expenditure level (PA-EE) and the health-related behaviours (PA-HRB), respectively. Results: CD subjects presented a significantly higher self-assessment in the VAS scale in comparison with NH residents (CD: 65.3 \u00b1 19.4 vs. NH 58.2 \u00b1 21.4; p &lt; 0.05), but there were no differences within the five dimensions of QoL. In NH patients, the VAS scale was not correlated with any of the variables evaluating the nutritional status and body composition, while in the CD group correlated positively with MNA (rS = 0.36; p &lt; 0.001), % of FFM (rS = 0.22; p&lt; 0.05), body density (rS = 0.22; p &lt; 0.05) and negatively with % of FM (rS = \u22120.22; p &lt; 0.05). In an institutional environment, only concomitant diseases (mainly urinary incontinence) were found as independent determinants for QoL. In the community, independent determinants of QoL besides concomitant diseases (mainly ischaemic heart disease) were nutritional status or PA-HRB. Conclusions: Determinants of QoL are different depending on the living environment the older adults. Proper nutritional status and beneficial PA behaviours, are crucial for higher QoL of CD elderly, while for NH residents, the main determinants of QoL are chronic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20020916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:02:30Z","timestamp":1672808550000},"page":"916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Do Determinants of Quality of Life Differ in Older People Living in the Community and Nursing Homes?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pig\u0142owska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Hallera 1 Square, 90-647 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kostka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Hallera 1 Square, 90-647 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Guligowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Hallera 1 Square, 90-647 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO (1995). The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc. Sci. Med., 41, 1403\u20131409.","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00112-K"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roller-Wirnsberger, R., Singler, K., and Polidori, M.C. (2018). The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Goal-Oriented, Patient-Centered Care. Learning Geriatric Medicine, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61997-2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Leeuwen, K.M., van Loon, M.S., van Nes, F.A., Bosmans, J.E., de Vet, H., Ket, J., Widdershoven, G., and Ostelo, R. (2019). What does quality of life mean to older adults? A thematic synthesis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213263"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000496103","article-title":"Is the Effect of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Older Adults Mediated by Social Support?","volume":"65","author":"Niedermeier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raggi, A., Corso, B., Minicuci, N., Quintas, R., Sattin, D., De Torres, L., Chatterji, S., Frisoni, G.B., Haro, J.M., and Koskinen, S. (2016). Determinants of Quality of Life in Ageing Populations: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Finland, Poland and Spain. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159293"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.jsmt.1001057","article-title":"Improving \u201cquality of life\u201d through exercise and proper nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Bellomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorilli, G., Buonsenso, A., Centorbi, M., Calcagno, G., Iuliano, E., Angiolillo, A., Ciccotelli, S., di Cagno, A., and Di Costanzo, A. (2022). Long Term Physical Activity Improves Quality of Life Perception, Healthy Nutrition, and Daily Life Management in Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122527"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pig\u0142owska, M., Guligowska, A., and Kostka, T. (2020). Nutritional Status Plays More Important Role in Determining Functional State in Older People Living in the Community than in Nursing Home Residents. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072042"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"WHO (2022, November 19). Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/nhanes_07_08\/manual_an.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Mini Nutritional Assessment: A practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients","volume":"2","author":"Guigoz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Facts Res. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Maltron International Ltd (2015). Operating and Service Manual BioScan 920\u22122, Maltron International Ltd."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.2.465","article-title":"Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis","volume":"89","author":"Janssen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh058","article-title":"Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women","volume":"159","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114163","article-title":"Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments","volume":"122","author":"Blair","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113987","article-title":"Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project","volume":"121","author":"Sallis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199706001-00003","article-title":"Introduction to the collection of physi cal activity questionnaires. In: A Collection of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Health-Related Research","volume":"29","author":"Kriska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(96)00822-6","article-title":"EuroQol: The current state of play","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7133.736","article-title":"Variations in population health status: Results from a United Kingdom national questionnaire survey","volume":"316","author":"Kind","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327386","article-title":"Predictors of quality of life in older people living at home and in institutions","volume":"16","author":"Borowiak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.172","article-title":"Nutritional status and quality of life in different populations of older people in Poland","volume":"68","author":"Kostka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen, C., Pedersen, I., Bergland, A., Enders-Slegers, M.J., J\u00f8ranson, N., Calogiuri, G., and Ihleb\u00e6k, C. (2016). Differences in quality of life in home-dwelling persons and nursing home residents with dementia-a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0312-4"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.15294\/kemas.v15i3.21282","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life among the Elderly Living in the Community and Nursing Home","volume":"15","author":"Nugraha","year":"2020","journal-title":"KEMAS"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12072","article-title":"An investigation into the association between nutritional status and quality of life in older people admitted to hospital","volume":"27","author":"Rasheed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1050-4","article-title":"Relationship between Diet Quality, Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults: Findings from 2007\u20132014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0843-9","article-title":"The prospective and concurrent effect of exercise on health related quality of life in older adults over a 3 year period","volume":"16","author":"Vasiliadis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x","article-title":"Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: A multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment","volume":"58","author":"Kaiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v73i1.342","article-title":"Quality of life and physical activity among older adults living in institutions compared to the community","volume":"73","author":"Ramocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"e10","article-title":"Physical activity and functional fitness in institutionalized vs. independently living elderly: A comparison of 70\u201380-year-old city-dwellers","volume":"53","author":"Kusy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2016-0097","article-title":"Physical Activity in Older Adults in Relation to Place of Residence and Coexistent Chronic Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Kostka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06593.x","article-title":"Physical activity and related factors among nursing home residents","volume":"42","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ta\u0144ski, W., W\u00f3jciga, J., and Jankowska-Pola\u0144ska, B. (2021). Association between Malnutrition and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041259"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"141","article-title":"Association Between Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in (Pre) Frail Community-Dwelling Older Persons","volume":"5","author":"Luger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060519863497","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519863497","article-title":"Correlation between malnutrition and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderly Iranian adults","volume":"48","author":"Khatami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"244","article-title":"Association Between Quality of Life and Nutritional Status of Nursing Home Residents or Community Dwelling Elderly","volume":"43","year":"2021","journal-title":"Erciyes. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07055-0","article-title":"The impact of nutritional status on health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients","volume":"12","author":"Visiedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13075","article-title":"Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form as a useful method of predicting poor 1-year outcome in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery","volume":"17","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104151","article-title":"Phase angle predicts physical function in older adults","volume":"90","author":"Matias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urquiza, M., Fernandez, N., Arrinda, I., Sierra, I., Irazusta, J., and Rodriguez Larrad, A. (2020). Nutritional Status Is Associated with Function, Physical Performance and Falls in Older Adults Admitted to Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092855"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm3101_14","article-title":"Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: Influence of health status and self-efficacy","volume":"31","author":"McAuley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"932381","article-title":"Being a Nursing Home Resident: A Challenge to One\u2019s Identity","volume":"2013","author":"Riedl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/93501","article-title":"Differences in the quality of life dependent on family status of the elderly living in rural areas\u2014A cross-sectional survey","volume":"25","author":"Szczekala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-03070-2","article-title":"Social support and health-related quality of life among the oldest old\u2014Longitudinal evidence from the multicenter prospective AgeCoDe-AgeQualiDe study","volume":"31","author":"Hajek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/93847","article-title":"Quality of life and related factors among older people living in rural areas in south-eastern Poland","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klompstra, L., Ekdahl, A.W., Krevers, B., Milberg, A., and Eckerblad, J. (2019). Factors related to health-related quality of life in older people with multimorbidity and high health care consumption over a two-year period. BMC Geriatr., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1194-z"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.747568","article-title":"Evolving applications for patient-centered health status measures","volume":"118","author":"Spertus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1885-5","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis mapped against the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","volume":"27","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrado, B., Giardulli, B., Polito, F., Aprea, S., Lanzano, M., and Dodaro, C. (2020). The Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Metropolitan City of Naples. Geriatrics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5040096"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Pizzol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20668","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in nursing home residents: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Offermans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-017-0507-1","article-title":"Incontinence-associated dermatitis: Pathogenesis, contributing factors, prevention and management options","volume":"35","author":"Beele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88740-4","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and the association with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean Women","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/2\/916\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:58:39Z","timestamp":1760119119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/2\/916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20020916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20020916","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]}}}