{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:33:32Z","timestamp":1792614812988,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective data analysis of 159 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients (n = 116 women, 73.0%, mean age 60.9 \u00b1 14.4 years; n = 43 men, 27.0%, mean age 52.3 \u00b1 16.7 years) was performed from 2009 to 2020. The right side was affected in 74 patients (46.5%), the left in 84 patients (52.8%), and 1 patient (0.7%) developed a bilateral CRPS. Data were analyzed for the frequency and distribution of symptoms. The number of reduction maneuvers and the number of Budapest criteria were compared in relation to the severity of CRPS. Hand and wrist (n = 107, 67.3%), followed by foot and ankle (n = 36, 22.6%) and other locations (n = 16, 10.1%) were mainly affected by CRPS. The main causes included direct trauma (n = 120, 75.5%), surgery without previous trauma (n = 25, 15.7%), other causes (n = 9, 5.7%), and spontaneous development (n = 3, 1.9%); there was also missing documentation (n = 2, 1.3%). The most common symptoms were difference in temperature (n = 156, 98.1%), limitation of movement (n = 149, 93.7%), and swelling (n = 146, 91.8%). There was no correlation between the number of reduction maneuvers and the number of Budapest criteria. In summary, patients with the following constellation are at increased risk of CRPS: a female, over 60 years old, who has fallen and has sustained a fracture in the hand or wrist with persistent pain and has been immobilized with a cast for approx. 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20020946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:28:53Z","timestamp":1672885733000},"page":"946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of Epidemiological Data of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Patients in Relation to Disease Severity\u2014A Retrospective Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8642-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Diepold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Salzburg, M\u00fcllner Hauptstra\u00dfe 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3235-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Deininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Salzburg, M\u00fcllner Hauptstra\u00dfe 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berndt-Christian","family":"Von Amelunxen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Salzburg, M\u00fcllner Hauptstra\u00dfe 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Deluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9825-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Siegert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Orthopaedic Department, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Speisinger Stra\u00dfe 109, 1130 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Freude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Salzburg, M\u00fcllner Hauptstra\u00dfe 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wichlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Salzburg, M\u00fcllner Hauptstra\u00dfe 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.030","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: A narrative review for the practising clinician","volume":"123","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. 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