{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:38:42Z","timestamp":1792024722517,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of age-inappropriate levels of inattention and\/or hyperactivity\/impulsivity that results in functional impairment at work, education, or hobbies and affects family life, social contacts, and self-confidence. ADHD is a comorbid condition associated with a prognosis of severe substance use disorder (SUD) and the early onset of such. The aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain the best estimate of the prevalence of ADHD in SUD populations. (2) Methods: A literature research was conducted using PUBMED\u00ae and Web of Science\u00ae. The following search terms were used: [ADHD], [prevalence], and [substance use disorder]. RStudio\u00ae was used for meta-analysis methods. (3) Results: In total, 31 studies were included. We estimate the prevalence of ADHD among SUD patients at 21%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T01:33:12Z","timestamp":1673400792000},"page":"1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Populations: Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Rohner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2651-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolas","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Philipsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07069-w","article-title":"National Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders Among Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations: NHAMCS 2014\u20132018","volume":"37","author":"Suen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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