{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:03:30Z","timestamp":1775837010090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pure agraphias are caused by graphemic buffer damage. The graphemic buffer stores graphemic representations that handle the transition from spelling lexicon to writing or oral spellings. The authors report a case of a crossed pure agraphia, following the post-surgical removal of a right frontal low-grade glioma in a right-handed French patient. He presented a pure agraphia displaying the features of a graphemic buffer impairment. Our patient only made spelling errors, whereas repetition and other oral language abilities remained perfect. We found a greater number of errors for longer stimuli, increased errors for the medially located graphemes, and agraphia for both words and non-words and error types, essentially consisting of omissions, substitutions, and letter transpositions. We also observed no significant effect of word frequency on spelling errors, but word length affected the rate of errors. The particularity of this case was linked to right frontal subcortical injuries in a right-handed subject. To our knowledge, it is the first report of a crossed pure agraphia caused by graphemic buffer impairment. Further studies are needed in order to analyse the role of subcortical structures, particularly the caudate nucleus in the graphemic buffer during writing tasks, as well as the participation of the non-dominant hemisphere in writing language.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T01:32:26Z","timestamp":1673487146000},"page":"1346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Crossed Pure Agraphia by Graphemic Buffer Impairment following Right Orbito-Frontal Glioma Resection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva M.","family":"Arroyo-Anll\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla-Le\u00f3n, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7813-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudette","family":"Pluchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department\u2014Neuropsychology Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coline","family":"Bouyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department\u2014Neuropsychology Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Baudiffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department\u2014Neuropsychology Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Stal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Electrophysiology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Foucaud","family":"Du Boisgueheneuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department\u2014Neuropsychology Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Wager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers University, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(69)90008-6","article-title":"L\u2019agraphie \u201cpure\u201d","volume":"7","author":"Dubois","year":"1969","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(82)90011-6","article-title":"Deep agraphia","volume":"17","author":"Bub","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.811","article-title":"Lexical agraphia: Further support for the two-system hypothesis of linguistic agraphia","volume":"107","author":"Roeltgen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.014","article-title":"Dyscravia: Voicing substitution dysgraphia","volume":"48","author":"Gvion","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298508252862","article-title":"Reading mechanisms and the organization of the lexicon: Evidence from acquired dyslexia","volume":"2","author":"Caramazza","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cogn. 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