{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:48:09Z","timestamp":1783532889699,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Healthcare workers are exposed to increased risks of insomnia and aggression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to assess insomnia, sleep disturbances, and aggression and identify the associated risk factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) A total of 264 healthcare workers participated in the study. The study was conducted with the diagnostic survey method, using the Buss\u2013Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a self-administered questionnaire. (3) The vast majority of the respondents (81.06%) suffered from insomnia and had poor sleep quality (78.03%). Education (p = 0.038), marital status (p = 0.043), and working with patients suffering from COVID-19 (p = 0.024) were statistically significant contributors to insomnia. Age was found to significantly correlate with total aggression (r = \u22120.133 p = 0.031), verbal aggression (r = \u22120.138 p = 0.025), and anger (r = \u22120.151 p = 0.014). The analysis demonstrated statistically significant relationships between gender and physical aggression (p = 0.017), anger (p = 0.032), and hostility (p = 0.002). A statistically significant positive correlation between the quality of sleep as per the PSQI and all subscales of the BPAQ was found (p &lt; 0.001). (4) A considerable proportion of HCWs experienced sleep disturbances during the outbreak, stressing the need to establish ways to reduce long-term adverse outcomes associated with chronic insomnia and mental health problems and adjust interventions under pandemic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T01:30:26Z","timestamp":1673573426000},"page":"1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Factors Associated with Insomnia and Aggression among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Cybulska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 \u017bo\u0142nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Weymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Clinical Public Hospital No. 2 in Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 72-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Rachubi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 \u017bo\u0142nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Grochans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 \u017bo\u0142nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 \u017bo\u0142nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Grochans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 \u017bo\u0142nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization [WHO] (2021, January 01). 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