{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:57:47Z","timestamp":1787169467638,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SB)","award":["SBO-E\u2014S000118N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBO-E\u2014S000118N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new ergonomic-risk-assessment tool was developed that combines musculoskeletal-model-based loading estimates with insights from fatigue failure theory to evaluate full-body musculoskeletal loading during dynamic tasks. Musculoskeletal-modeling output parameters, i.e., joint contact forces and muscle forces, were combined with tissue-specific injury thresholds that account for loading frequency to determine the injury risk for muscles, lower back, and hip cartilage. The potential of this new risk-assessment tool is demonstrated for defining ergonomic interventions in terms of lifting characteristics, back and shoulder exoskeleton assistance, box transferring, stoop lifting, and an overhead wiring task, respectively. The MATE identifies the risk of WMSDs in different anatomical regions during occupational tasks and allows for the evaluation of the impact of interventions that modify specific lifting characteristics, i.e., load weight versus task repetition. Furthermore, and in clear contrast to currently available ergonomic assessment scores, the effects of the exoskeleton assistance level on the risk of WMSDs of full-body musculoskeletal loading (in particular, the muscles, lower back, and hips) can be evaluated and shows small reductions in musculoskeletal loading but not in injury risk. Therefore, the MATE is a risk-assessment tool based on a full-body, musculoskeletal-modeling approach combined with insights from the fatigue failure theory that shows the proof of concept of a shoulder and back exoskeleton. Furthermore, it accounts for subject-specific characteristics (age and BMI), further enhancing individualized ergonomic-risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1673834685000},"page":"1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Musculoskeletal-Modeling-Based, Full-Body Load-Assessment Tool for Ergonomists (MATE): Method Development and Proof of Concept Case Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"van der Have","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Van Rossom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Publications office of the European Union (2017). 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