{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:16:18Z","timestamp":1787670978597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Provincial Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of indoor air in sport facilities in one of the sport centres in Poland with respect to microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity), particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, and PM1), gas concentrations (oxygen, ozone, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and benzopyrene), and microbial contamination (the total number of bacteria, specifically staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus, haemolytic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, actinomycetes, and the total number of fungi and xerophilic fungi). Measurements were made three times in May 2022 at 28 sampling points in 5 different sporting areas (the climbing wall, swimming pool, swimming pool changing room, and basketball and badminton courts) depending on the time of day (morning or afternoon) and on the outside building. The obtained results were compared with the standards for air quality in sports facilities. The air temperature (21\u201331 \u00b0C) was at the upper limit of thermal comfort, while the air humidity (RH &lt; 40%) in the sports halls in most of the locations was below demanded values. The values for dust pollution in all rooms, except the swimming pool, exceeded the permissible limits, especially in the afternoons. Climatic conditions correlated with a high concentration of dust in the indoor air. Particulate matter concentrations of all fractions exceeded the WHO guidelines in all researched premises; the largest exceedances of standards occurred for PM2.5 (five-fold) and for PM10 (two-fold). There were no exceedances of gaseous pollutant concentrations in the air, except for benzopyrene, which resulted from the influence of the outside air. The total number of bacteria (5.1 \u00d7 101\u20132.0 \u00d7 104 CFU m\u22123) and fungi (3.0 \u00d7 101\u20133.75 \u00d7 102 CFU m\u22123) was exceeded in the changing room and the climbing wall hall. An increased number of staphylococci in the afternoon was associated with a large number of people training. The increased concentration of xerophilic fungi in the air correlated with the high dust content and low air humidity. Along with the increase in the number of users in the afternoon and their activities, the concentration of dust (several times) and microorganisms (1\u20132 log) in the air increased by several times and 1\u20132 log, respectively. The present study indicates which air quality parameters should be monitored and provides guidelines on how to increase the comfort of those who practice sports and work in sports facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1673834685000},"page":"1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of Dust, Chemical, Microbiological Pollutions and Microclimatic Parameters of Indoor Air in Sports Facilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Szulc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-530 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3233-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Cichowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Gutarowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Okrasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute, 90-133 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Gutarowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-530 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12718","article-title":"Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments","volume":"30","author":"Salonen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Air Quality in Sports Venues with Distinct Characteristics","volume":"78","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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