{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:48:43Z","timestamp":1789433323890,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Cariplo","award":["#2018-0858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018-0858"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diffusion of virtual reality applications dedicated to aging urges us to appraise its acceptance by target populations, especially the oldest olds. We investigated whether immersive virtual biking, and specifically a visuomotor manipulation aimed at improving visual exploration (augmented gaze), was well accepted by elders living in assisted residences. Twenty participants (mean age 89.8 years, five males) performed three 9 min virtual biking sessions pedalling on a cycle ergometer while wearing a Head-Mounted Display which immersed them inside a 360-degree pre-recorded biking video. In the second and third sessions, the relationship between horizontal head rotation and contingent visual shift was experimentally manipulated (augmented gaze), the visual shift being twice (gain = 2.0) or thrice (gain = 3.0) the amount of head rotation. User experience, motion sickness and visual exploration were measured. We found (i) very high user experience ratings, regardless of the gain; (ii) no effect of gain on motion sickness; and (iii) increased visual exploration (slope = +46%) and decreased head rotation (slope = \u221218%) with augmented gaze. The improvement in visual exploration capacity, coupled with the lack of intolerance signs, suggests that augmented gaze can be a valuable tool to improve the \u201cvisual usability\u201d of certain virtual reality applications for elders, including the oldest olds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1673933815000},"page":"1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhancing Visual Exploration through Augmented Gaze: High Acceptance of Immersive Virtual Biking by Oldest Olds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"de\u2019Sperati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Action, Perception and Cognition, School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Dalmasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Action, Perception and Cognition, School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Action, Perception and Cognition, School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil Rosenlund","family":"H\u00f8eg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multisensory Experience Laboratory, Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Baud-Bovy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Action, Perception and Cognition, School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSA San Giuseppe, Associazione Monte Tabor, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSA San Giuseppe, Associazione Monte Tabor, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000791","article-title":"Serious video games and virtual reality for prevention and neurorehabilitation of cognitive decline because of aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Sokolov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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