{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:13Z","timestamp":1760147233550,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The rate of cesarean sections in late fetal mortality remains high. We aimed to determine the prevalence of late fetal mortality in Spain and risk factors for cesarean birth in women with stillbirth \u2265 28 weeks gestation between 2016\u20132019. (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study with national data between 2016\u20132019. A total of 3504 births with fetal dead were included. Sociodemographic, obstetrical and neonatal variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR), with cesarean birth with a stillborn \u2265 28 weeks gestation as the dependent variable. (3) Results: The late fetal mortality rate was 2.8 \u00d7 1000; 22.7% of births were by cesarean section. Factors associated with cesarean were having a multiple birth (aOR 6.78); stillbirth weight (aOR 2.41); birth taking place in towns with over 50,000 inhabitants (aOR 1.34); and mother\u2019s age \u2265 35 (aOR 1.23). (4) Conclusions: The late fetal mortality rate increased during the period. The performance of cesarean sections was associated with the mother\u2019s age, obstetric factors and place of birth. Our findings encourage reflection on how to best put into practice national clinical and socio-educational prevention strategies, as well as the approved protocols on how childbirth should be correctly conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T02:04:35Z","timestamp":1674093875000},"page":"1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Mode of Birth in Late Fetal Mortality in Spain, 2016\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Hidalgo-Lopezosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Farmacolog\u00eda y Fisioterapia, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Cubero-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Farmacolog\u00eda y Fisioterapia, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24401 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Farmacolog\u00eda y Fisioterapia, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Maestre-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1272-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Li\u00e9bana-Presa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24401 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Aurora","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Borrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Farmacolog\u00eda y Fisioterapia, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo Jes\u00fas","family":"L\u00f3pez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Farmacolog\u00eda y Fisioterapia, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00837-5","article-title":"Stillbirths: Rates, risk factors and potential for progress towards 2030","volume":"387","author":"Lawn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Diago Almela, V.J., Perales Puchalt, A., Cohen, M.C., Perales Mar\u00edn, A., and Muerte Fetal Tard\u00eda (2021, June 21). 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