{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:42Z","timestamp":1760147262094,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["21K20714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K20714"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although major organ sizes and functions mature during infancy, pharmacokinetic studies, especially those focused on infants, are limited. Changes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related drug disposition largely contribute to changes in pharmacokinetics. Here, pharmacokinetic profiles of vancomycin in an infant receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy are presented. A two-month-old Japanese infant with moderately decreased renal function was started on 12.0 mg\/kg vancomycin every 8 h from day X for prophylaxis of pneumonia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. As the trough concentration of vancomycin observed on day X+3 was 27.1 \u03bcg\/mL, vancomycin was then discontinued. The trough concentration decreased to 18.6 \u03bcg\/mL 24 h after discontinuation, and 9.0 mg\/kg vancomycin every 12 h was restarted from day X+5. On day X+6, the trough concentration increased to 36.1 \u03bcg\/mL, and vancomycin therapy was again discontinued. On day X+7, the trough concentration decreased to 22.4 \u03bcg\/mL. The pharmacokinetic profiles of vancomycin based on first-order conditional estimation in this infant were as follows: plasma clearance = 0.053 L\/kg\/hour, distribution volume = 2.19 L\/kg, and half-life = 29.5 h. This research reported the prolonged half-life of vancomycin during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants with moderately decreased renal function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T03:45:16Z","timestamp":1674099916000},"page":"1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in an Infant Treated with Vancomycin: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65799-1","article-title":"Vancomycin","volume":"66","author":"Wilhelm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443070-00001","article-title":"Vancomycin: Pharmacokinetics and administration regimens in neonates","volume":"43","author":"Mouton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"U.S. FDA (2022, August 15). Guidance for Industry: General Considerations for Pediatric Pharmacokinetic Studies for Drugs and Biological Products, Available online: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/drugs\/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation\/guidances\/ucm072114.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gijsen, M., Vlasselaers, D., Spriet, I., and Allegaert, K. (2021). Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Pediatric Intensive Care: Fostering Variability to Attain Precision Medicine. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101182"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.12.002","article-title":"An overview of medical ECMO for neonates","volume":"42","author":"Fletcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03938.x","article-title":"Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"18","author":"Buck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12636","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic changes of antibiotic, antiviral, antituberculosis and antifungal agents during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill adult patients","volume":"42","author":"Hahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2018-001720","article-title":"Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"27","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001682","article-title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation","volume":"19","author":"Moffett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.2.259","article-title":"A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in children derived from body length and plasma creatinine","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80479-5","article-title":"A simple estimate of glomerular filtration ratein full-term infants during the first year of life","volume":"104","author":"Schwartz","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000439444","article-title":"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and the Kidney","volume":"6","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Winter, M.E. (2005). Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Technomics, Inc.. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"711","article-title":"Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"9","author":"Hoie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659120973595","article-title":"Impact of haemolysis on vancomycin disposition in a full-term neonate treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"36","author":"Tibboel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1139","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"40","author":"Amaker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"264+","article-title":"Body composition during growth. In vivo measurements and biochemical data correlated to differential anatomical growth","volume":"47","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e31819ca3d0","article-title":"Acute renal failure during extracorporeal support in the pediatric cardiac patient","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"262","article-title":"Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0632-8","article-title":"Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: A matched cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Donadello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/45.9.953","article-title":"Fluid balance in paediatric surgery","volume":"45","author":"Young","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.07.169","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Dosing of Anti-infective Drugs in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Review of the Current Literature","volume":"38","author":"Sherwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-3840(90)90015-W","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support for cardiopulmonary failure","volume":"27","author":"Bartlett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa036","article-title":"Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists","volume":"77","author":"Rybak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-020-00302-7","article-title":"Assessment of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics and Dose Regimen Optimisation in Preterm Neonates","volume":"20","author":"Mulubwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs R&D"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199008000-00007","article-title":"Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing extracorporal membrane oxygenation","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1992.tb02667.x","article-title":"Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in term neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.6.817","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"33","author":"Southgate","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00002216-199101000-00006","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in neonatal patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"37","author":"Munzenberger","year":"1991","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106393","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis to explore optimal therapeutic range of vancomycin trough level for infected paediatric patients with Gram-positive pathogens to reduce mortality and nephrotoxicity risk","volume":"58","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"450","article-title":"Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity with Elevated Serum Concentrations Following Vancomycin Overdose: A Retrospective Case Series","volume":"24","author":"Uda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328337bb42","article-title":"Understanding pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics in managing neonatal sepsis","volume":"23","author":"Lutsar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/3\/1839\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:10:09Z","timestamp":1760119809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/20\/3\/1839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph20031839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20031839","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]}}}