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Data from 1583 U.S. adult (age \u2265 21 years) current tobacco users were collected in 2021. Participants self-reported HTP awareness, beliefs, use, and susceptibility, as well as current tobacco product use and sociodemographics. We used weighted logistic and multinomial regression models to explore their associations. Overall, 23.6% were aware of, 8.9% had ever used, and 3.0% currently used HTPs. Younger individuals (vs. 61+ years), those with annual income $50,000+ (vs. &lt;$50,000), and those currently using electronic vaping products (vs. non-users) were more likely to be aware of, to have ever used, and to currently be using HTPs (p &lt; 0.05). Black individuals (vs. White) were more likely to report ever and current HTP use (p &lt; 0.05). Current cigarette smoking was not associated with HTP awareness and use (p &gt; 0.05). Holding favorable HTP beliefs was associated with susceptibility to and more advanced HTP use statuses (p &lt; 0.05). Sociodemographics associated with HTP use may reflect HTP marketing strategies. The lack of association with cigarette smoking suggests HTPs may be unlikely cigarette substitutes. Addressing favorable HTP-related beliefs may prevent dual use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T02:01:02Z","timestamp":1674439262000},"page":"2016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Heated Tobacco Products: Awareness, Beliefs, Use and Susceptibility among US Adult Current Tobacco Users, 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey S.","family":"Sparrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilianna","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1797-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Chen-Sankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniruddh","family":"Ajith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bambi","family":"Jewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6753-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.1419","article-title":"Heat-not-burn tobacco cigarettes: Smoke by any other name","volume":"177","author":"Auer","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. 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