{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:40:31Z","timestamp":1790023231631,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0036773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0036773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FWF KLIF455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF KLIF455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna","award":["P0036773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0036773"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Vienna","award":["FWF KLIF455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF KLIF455"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["P0036773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0036773"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["FWF KLIF455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF KLIF455"]}]},{"name":"STORZ Medical AG","award":["P0036773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0036773"]}]},{"name":"STORZ Medical AG","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}]},{"name":"STORZ Medical AG","award":["FWF KLIF455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF KLIF455"]}]},{"name":"Herzfelder\u2019sche Familienstiftung","award":["P0036773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0036773"]}]},{"name":"Herzfelder\u2019sche Familienstiftung","award":["SO10300020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO10300020"]}]},{"name":"Herzfelder\u2019sche Familienstiftung","award":["FWF KLIF455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF KLIF455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a recent development in non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS) that has been proven to be effective in terms of significantly improving Alzheimer patients\u2019 cognition, memory, and execution functions. Nonetheless, there is, currently, no trial evaluating the efficacy of TPS on adults with major depression disorder (MDD) nationwide. In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, a 2-week TPS treatment comprising six 30 min TPS sessions were administered to participants. Participants were randomized into either the TPS group or the Waitlist Control (WC) group, stratified by gender and age according to a 1:1 ratio. Our primary outcome was evaluated by the Hamilton depression rating scale-17 (HDRS-17). We recruited 30 participants that were aged between 18 and 54 years, predominantly female (73%), and ethnic Chinese from 1 August to 31 October 2021. Moreover, there was a significant group x time interaction (F(1, 28) = 18.8, p &lt; 0.001). Further, when compared with the WC group, there was a significant reduction in the depressive symptom severity in the TPS group (mean difference = \u22126.60, p = 0.02, and Cohen\u2019s d = \u22120.93). The results showed a significant intervention effect; in addition, the effect was large and sustainable at the 3-month follow-up. In this trial, it was found that TPS is effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adults with MDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1675050987000},"page":"2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on Adults with Symptoms of Depression\u2014A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-9193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teris","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim Man Ho","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuen Shan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3892-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N. K.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sau Fong","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Ching","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Fai","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce Yuen Ting","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan Hin","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6410-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Beisteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin Pak Wing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong, B.Y.F., Wong, M.C.S., Law, V.T.S., Lo, M.F., Ng, T.K.C., Yee, H.H.L., Leung, T.C.H., and Ho, P.W.T. 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