{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:33:40Z","timestamp":1790555620093,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation of E-DA Hospital and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan","award":["EDAD2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAD2001"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of E-DA Hospital and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan","award":["NCKUEDA11101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCKUEDA11101"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of E-DA Hospital and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan","award":["EDAHP111023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAHP111023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher mortality risk compared with the general population. Previous studies have described a relationship between mortality and patients with ESRD, but the data on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) corresponding to different causes of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are limited. This study was designed as a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Incident dialysis patients between January 2000 and December 2015 in Taiwan were included. Using data acquired from the Taiwan Death Registry, SMR values were calculated and compared with the overall survival. The results showed there were a total of 128,966 patients enrolled, including 117,376 incident HD patients and 11,590 incident PD patients. It was found that 75,297 patients (58.4%) died during the period of 2000\u20132017. The overall SMR was 5.21. The neoplasms SMR was 2.11; the endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and immunity disorders SMR was 13.53; the circulatory system SMR was 4.31; the respiratory system SMR was 2.59; the digestive system SMR was 6.1; and the genitourinary system SMR was 27.22. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these diseases in clinical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1675050987000},"page":"2347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["All-Cause Standardized Mortality Ratio in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yi-Che","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Chun","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Yuan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Kuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Hsiang","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City 24243, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yow","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Hsiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4","article-title":"The current and future landscape of dialysis","volume":"16","author":"Himmelfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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