{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:17:09Z","timestamp":1792034229827,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to a widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need to look for antimicrobial substances, and honey with its antimicrobial properties is a very promising substance. In this study, we examined for the first time antimicrobial properties of novel varietal honeys, i.e., plum, rapeseed, Lime, Phacelia, honeydew, sunflower, willow, and multifloral-P (Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-AP (Acer negundo L., Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-Sa (Salix sp.), multifloral-Br (Brassica napus L.). Their antimicrobial activity was tested against bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and mold fungi (such as Aspergillus niger). In tested honeys, phenolic acids constituted one of the most important groups of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Our study found phenolic acids to occur in greatest amount in honeydew honey (808.05 \u00b5g GAE\/g), with the highest antifungal activity aiming at A. niger. It was caffeic acid that was discovered in the greatest amount (in comparison with all phenolic acids tested). It was found in the highest amount in such honeys as phacelia\u2014356.72 \u00b5g\/g, multifloral (MSa) and multifloral (MBr)\u2014318.9 \u00b5g\/g. The highest bactericidal activity against S. aureus was found in multifloral honeys MSa and MBr. Additionally, the highest amount of syringic acid and cinnamic acid was identified in rapeseed honey. Multifloral honey (MAP) showed the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli, and multifloral honey (MSa) against S. aureus. Additionally, multifloral honey (MBr) was effective against E. coli and S. aureus. Compounds in honeys, such as lysozyme-like and phenolic acids, i.e., coumaric, caffeic, cinnamic and syringic acids, played key roles in the health-benefit properties of honeys tested in our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T05:57:23Z","timestamp":1675058243000},"page":"2458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of New Honey Varietals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kunat-Budzy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Wiater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Gr\u0105z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Andrejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Budzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1786-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej S.","family":"Bry\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Sudzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Artistic Apiary, Centre for the Meeting of Cultures, Plac Teatralny 1 Str., 20-029 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4063-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-230 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Gancarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do\u015bwiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8064-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Rusinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do\u015bwiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta 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