{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:38Z","timestamp":1760147378335,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 1973, when the term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was introduced, a major impact has been put on raising awareness about the negative effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge about the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among three last generations of women in Poland, in order to assess the effectiveness of prenatal education regarding FAS. An online questionnaire was conducted among women of reproductive age, between February and March 2022. The level of knowledge was determined based on the average number of correct answers to 9 questions. Data were analyzed using Cochran\u2013Armitage, ANOVA Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Cochran\u2013Mentel\u2013Haenszel and Pearson\u2019s chi-squared tests. Out of 471 women participating in the study, 34.8% belonged to Generation Z (15\u201325 years), 55.6% to Generation Y (26\u201341 years), and 9.6% to Generation X (42\u201349 years). The average score of correct answers was the highest for Generation Y women (7.55 points) and the lowest for Generation X (6.96 points). Women from Generation Z scored 7.27 points on average. The ANOVA Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was performed with p = 0.07. The level of women\u2019s knowledge about the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy suggests that education regarding FAS in Poland is less effective in recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T09:18:21Z","timestamp":1675070301000},"page":"2479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Changes in the Level of Knowledge about the Effects of Alcohol Use during Pregnancy among Three Last Generations of Women in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Piotrkowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Scientific Association at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8040-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Kowalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cardiology, Clinical Research Support Center, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8106-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Szymusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Neonatology, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1159\/000518534","article-title":"Ignored Papers, Invented Quotations: A History of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Obladen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Rouquette, J. 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